Skoinkney

=External anatomy=







= =

7.The vein blood vessel present during fetal development that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the growing fetus.The umbilical artery is a paired artery that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions.

8.Yes.On the female the mammary papillae are connected to the mammary glands or later on in life when they reproduce and give birth. the male has no use for the piglets.

9.Our pig had 12 nipples.

10.The pigs and humans forelimbs and hind limbs are pretty similar because of their joints. The humans limbs are made to walk on two legs and the pig on four. The forelimbs are for different activities such as holding, opening and throwing objects.

Epiglottis- Is a flap of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucus membrane, attached to the root of the tongue.

Glottis-The combination of the vocal folds and the space in between the folds.

Gullet-A concavity between two saw teeth, joining them at their bases.

Nasopharnyx- The uppermost part of the pharynx. Nasal part of the pharynx.

Soft palate- the soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth.

Nare- One of the two channels of the nose.

Tongue-A muscle on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing and swallowing.

Taste buds-Little organs all over our tongues that interpret or pick up the sense of what flavors are in our food and drinks.

Vestibule- The space between the cheek, lips, and teeth.

Uvula-The small piece of soft tissue that can be seen dangling down from the soft palate over the back of the tongue.

3. The glottis is the tube that goes into the lungs and the epiglottis is the flap that covers the glottis when swallowing. The gullet is another name for the food tube or esophagus.

4. The tongue is a sensory organ for tasting and allows us to talk and the taste buds are located towards the back of the tongue.

5. The top jaw contains the teeth of the pig and they start erupting in the first few months.

Pinnae- Visable part of the ear

Eye- Allows the pig to see

Nictitating Membrane- drawn across the eye for protection and to moisten the eye while also keeping visibility

Eyelid- covers and protects the eye

Urogenital opening- waste products and reproductive fluids are expelled

Anus- where waste is excreted

Scrotal Sacs- males external genitals

Urogenital papillae- located ventral to the anus in female pigs

Ankle- where the foot and leg meet

Knee- where the thigh and leg join

Wrist- where arm and hand

Elbow- the hinge joint in the middle of the arm

Toe- digits of the foot of an animal Dorsal- Back side of the pig

Ventral- Front side of the pig

Anterior- Head of the pig

Posterior- Butt of the pig

Pectoral- The chest muscle of the pig

Pelvic- Sides of the pig; below the abdomen

Head- contains the eyes, mouth, and brain of the pig.

Trunk- torso

Thorax- part of the body that lies between the head and the abdomen

Abdomen- the part of the body that contains all of the structures between the chest and pelvis

Medial- in or toward the middle

Caudal- the tail or near the tail

Cranial- the head or near the head of the pig

Umbilical cord- the connecting cord from the developing embryo or fetus to the placenta

Mammary papillae- a small nipple like projection; found on male and female pigs

Proximal- toward the beginning; the end of the femur is part of the hip joint

Distal- toward the end

Lateral- the top of the pig

right- When facing north right is to the east.

left-When facing north left is to the west.

JOINT

Joint-The location at which two or more bones make contact

Extensor-Muscle that opens a joint increasing the angel between components of a limb, ex –the straightening of the knee or the elbow.

Flexor-A skeletal muscle whose contrition bends a joint, decreasing the angle between components of a limb.

Origin- the point at which something comes into existence or from which it derives or is derived

Insertion-The point at which a muscle attaches to the skin, a bone or another muscle.

Belly - The lower or front part of the body of a vertebrate, containing the intestines and other abdominal organs; abdomen Related adjective.

Tendon-Is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension.

Fascia-The soft tissue component of the connective tissue system that permeates the human body.

Antagonis pairs-Brings back muscle back to the original position.

Adductor-A large triangular muscle situated not eh medial side off the thigh.

Abductor-A muscle, which draws a limb away from the median plane of the body.



=Digestive System=
 * structure || Description || function ||
 * Liver || Large brown organ in the abdomen that covers the stomach || It produces bile for digestion ||
 * Anus || Opening in the digestive system on the posterior side of the pig. || It allows waste to exit the body after it is digestive. ||
 * Spleen || A dark colored organ on the left side of the abdominal cavity. || It removes old red blood cells from the stream of blood. It also produces, rids of and stores. ||
 * Small intestine || It’s a long and winding tube || It carries semi digested food to the colon. ||
 * Rectum || The lower- near end part of the colon. || It stores waste. ||
 * Thyroid Gland || Oval shaped gland || It produces hormones. ||
 * Cardiac stomach || Upper part of the stomach which is closest to the heart. || Stores the ingested food ||
 * Pyloric stomach || The lower part of the stomach || Holds enzymes and it breaks down food. ||
 * Mesentery || Clearish structure. || Separates from the rest of the abdomen, ||
 * Colon || Large intestine-huge tube like structure || Takes water from solid waste. ||
 * Esophagus || Pipe dorsal that runs through the body || Transports food from the mouth to the stomach. ||


 * Structure || Function || Description ||
 * Musoca || It releases mucus || Tissue that lines organs and body cavities. ||
 * Villa || Increases the absorption capacity of the intestine. || Finger like projections ||
 * Lumen || It keeps the blood flowing || Inside of a tube structure ||
 * Rugae || Allows the stomach to move in and out. || A group of ridges ||
 * Meconium || Early feces || Rids of materials ingested while the pig was in the womb. ||

5. The liver has 5 lobes. Each of the lobes is divided up. It is a rather large organ compared to the other organs around it. The Left Central covers the gall bladder and covers the stomach but the second lobe is called the right central lobe too. The last three are the right lateral and left lateral and the caudate.

6. The gall bladder stores the bile that is excreted from the liver.

7. The three parts of the small intestine is the duodumen, jejunum, and ileum. The duodumen breaks the food down. The jejunum absorbs most of the nutrients found in the food. The ileum absorbs the rest of the nutrients not taken in from the jejunum.

8. A pigs colon is balled up with the small intestine and in relation to the colon of humans it is woven around the abdominal cavity.



=Respiratory System=

4. The right lung has four lobes which are apical, cardiac, diaphramatic, and intermediate. The left lung includes all the lobes as the right except for the intermediate.

5. Our pig has 2 vocal cords.
 * structure || Description || Function ||
 * trachea || Long tube that is in the throat. It has rings of cartilage. || Allows air to pass to bronchial tubes. ||
 * Bronchial tubes || Tubes connected to the trachea and lungs || Separates and transfers air between trachea and the lungs ||
 * Lobes of lungs || Pink. Firm lobes || Contain alveoli ||
 * larynx || Structure in the throat. Its surrounded by muscle and cartilage || It contains the vocal cords ||
 * alveoli || Air sacs that are found in the lungs || Oxygen exchange. ||

=Circulatory System=






 * Vessel || Target area ||
 * pulmonary || lungs ||
 * coronary || Into the heart ||
 * jugular || head ||
 * umbilical || Umbilical cord ||
 * renal || kidneys ||
 * carotid || Head and the neck ||
 * thoracic || chest ||
 * lliac || The lower part limb, it includes the pelvic girdle, buttocks, hip and the thigh ||

6. The left ventricle is bigger because it pumps more blood at a high pressure.

7. The pulmonary artery is connected to the right ventricle, in the lower right chamber.

8. The aorta is connected to the left ventrical.

9. The aorta is the largest artery and can withstand high pressure.

10. An artery carries blood away from the heart and carries oxygenated blood while veins carry blood to the heart and contains de-oxygenated blood.

=Urogenital System=



KIDNEY PIC Kidney-Paired organs, whcich have the production of urine as their primary function Urinary bladder-The organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys prior to disposal by urination. Urethra-Muscular tubes that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Urethra-A tube, which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. Ovary-Ovum producing reproductive organ, often found in pairs as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system. Oviduct-Fallopian tube. Uterus-A major female hormone responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals, including humans. Uterine horn-Points where the uterus and the uterine tubes meet. Cervix-The lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. - Female internal sex organ. Birth canal-The passageway through which the fetus is expelled during parturition, leading from the uterus through the cervix, vagina, and vulva. Testis-Male gerative gland in animals. Vas deferens-Part of the male anatomy of many vertebrates; they transport sperm from the epidermis in anticipation of ejaculation. Epididymis- Structure at the back of the testis that stores sperm for it to mature. Seminal vesicles- Are a pair of simple tubular glands posteroinferior to the urinary gland of male mammals. Prostrate- A firm partly muscular chestnut sized gland in males at the neck of the urethra; produces a viscid secretion that is the fluid part of semen. Scrotum- The external pouch that holds the testis.

6. They are studied together because many of the same parts of the body are included in the reproductive and excretory system.

7. It maintains fluid balance in the body.

8. It ensures the survival of species.

9. The liquid goes from the stomach to the kidneys and then down the ureters. Finally it goes to the urethra or bladder and then out of the body.

10. Eggs are stored in the ovaries, then they travel through the fallopian tubes down through the uterus and cervix and out through the vagina.

11. Sperm is produced in the testis. From there it goes to the Epididymis into the vas deferens and then travels into the urethra and out the penis.

12. 1 and 4 are terms in the excretory system.

13. 2 and 3 are terms in the reproductive system.

14. The adrenal gland is on top of the kidney and they release hormones for adrenline when stressed for a flight of fight response. This gland is part of the reproductive system.