Bonitas

**Group Members** toc

**Caroline**
 * Maija **
 * Tori**
 * Kelsey**

= **Characteristics of Woody Stems** = 1. The age of our twig is 9 years old. 2. No, growth in length has not occurred the same rate each year. 3. They have not grown at the same rate each year because the distance between each bud-scar is different. 4. There are seven leaf scars on our twig located at the node. 5. The leaf arrangement for our twig is opposite. 6. There are two nodes produced each growing season. 7. No, the number of nodes vary each growing season. 8. Yes, all of the leaf scars contain seven bundle scars. 9. The lenticels are in no specific arrangement they are diffused throughout the internode. 10. The lenticels exchange gases from the inside of the twig to the outside world.



11. The outermost pair of scales are the largest. 12.They are the largest because they have to protect the bud and starting from the inside, each set of scales get larger as they grow. 13. The scales are opposite to each other around the bud. 14. Yes, both bud scales and leaf scars have an opposite arrangement.



= **Data Analysis** =

1. The reason why this data was collected is because people wanted to compare drunk driving throughout the years of the UK. 2. http://www.swivel.com/graphs/show/35835067



3. From this data, people began taking precautions on driving under the influence. From 2000 to 2005, the slight accidents went down by 1,000. The slight accidents from 2000 to 2005 went down. People don't drink and drive as much as they did in 1979. Another analysis would be that there are more penalties for drinking and driving now, than there were in 1979. Laws have been reinforced and people are following the rules against drunk driving. This is proven because the graph shows that drunk driving has gone down over the years.

4. We based our conclusions on the graph. Drunk driving has decreased since the year of 1979. The slight, serious, and fatal accidents have gone down over the years.

5. Why would the slight accidents peak at 2002 and rapidly decrease when fatal and serious accidents continued to fall. Would the economy be a factor in why the drunk driving accidents have reduced? Is the reason why driving under the influence has decreased because of a financial cause?

=Chromatography of Skittles:By Kelsey and Tori=



=Characteristics of Life=



1. What is in flask A? Yeast 2. What is in flask B? Molasses and Water 3. What is in flask C? Yeast, Molasses and Water 4. Is the same substance in each? No, a different substance is in each. 5. Is there different solvents? Yes they are different, but in flask C, both solvents make a solute. 6. Is it toxic? No. 7. What is being tested? We are testing which substances are acids and bases. Also also what they are when combined. 8. What is contained in the box behind them? Bromothymol Blue. 9. Is there different solutes? Yes, flask C contains A and B. 10. What is the Bromothymol Blue? Indicator that is for acids and bases. In a base, it is blue, and in acids, the color is yellow. CO2+H20=H2CO3 (Carbonic Acid)



When the yeast feeds off of the molasses it creates carbon dioxide. The gas rose in flask C creating foam on the top of the solution which turned the bromothymol blue, yellow. This means that the solution is an acid.
 * Notice the tube leading to flask C is yellow, indicating that the solution is an acid.
 * The substances in flask A and B are bases, because the tubes taking air to the bromothymol blue remained blue.
 * The process of the yeast feeding off of the molasses is called fermentation.
 * Nothing occurred in flask A because the yeast had nothing to feed off of. Also in flask B, the yeast was not present to create the carbon dioxide gas.

Candy Classification 1. Tootsie Roll-Tutus Rollus 2. Fire Ball-Spherus Combustus 3. Mint-Mintus Stripus 4. Salt Water Taffy-Saltus Taffinia 5. Gummy Bear-Ursa Gummius 6. Lollipop-Moronus moronus 7. Butterscotch-Ranunculus Scotchus 8. Jolly Rancher-Joyous Rancheria 9. Jaw Breakers-Mandibulus Crackus 10. Hershey's Kiss-Chocolatus Cyssan 11. Starbursts-Stellaria Explodus

=Classification of Pa leaves= Dichotomous Key-Leaves

1a. Leaf is deciduous……………………………………………….2 1b. Leaf is coniferous………………………………………….……3

2a. Leaf is simple……………………………………………………4 2b. Leaf is compound……………………………………………....5

3a. Leaf has single grouping…………………………………….....Norway Spruce 3b. Leaf has multiple grouping……………………………….........6

4a. Leaf is alternate………………………………………………....7 4b. Leaf is opposite……………………………………………….....10

5a. Leaf is serrated……………………………………………..…....Staghorn Sumac 5b. Leaf is not serrated………………………………………....……9

6a. Leaf has bundles of 2……………………………………….....…Scotts Pine 6b. Leaf has bundles of 5……………………………………............White Pine

7a. Leaf is lobed………………………………………………...……..8 7b. Leaf is not lobed……………………………………..……....……11

8a. Lobe is pointed……………………………………………..…......12 8b. Lobe is rounded……………………………………………….......14

9a. Leaf margin is entire…………………………………………........Black Locust 9b. Leaf margin is dentate……………………………………............Honey Locust

10a. Leaf has a rounded sinus…………………………………........Sugar Maple 10b. Leaf has a pointed sinus……………………………………......Red Maple

11a. Leaf is entire………………………………………………..…….Live Oak 11b. Leaf is not entire………………………………………………....13

12a. Leaf contains deep sinuses……………………………..…......Pin Oak 12b. Leaf contains shallow sinuses……………………………........Red Oak

13a. Leaf is dentate……………………………………………….….Big-tooth Aspen 13b. Leaf is not dentate……………………………………………...15

14a. Leaf bears acorns…………………………………………..…..White Oak 14b. Leaf bears no acorns…………………………………………...Witch Hazel

15a. Leaf margin is serrated…………………………………..….....16 15b. Leaf margin is double serrated…………………………..........17

16a. Leaf bears fleshy fruits…………………………………...........18 16b. Leaf bears non fleshy fruits……………………………...........Quaking Aspen

17a. Leaf has thorns………………………………………...……....Hawthorne 17b. Leaf has no thorns…………………………………………......19

18a. Leaf bears cherries……………………………………..….......Black Cherry 18b. Leaf bears apples……………………………………..……......Crab Apple

19a. Leaf has an equal base………………………………..…….....Paper Birch 19b. Leaf has an unequal base………………………………….......Elm

=Monocots and Dicots= 1. 2. After looking at our data we collected, we have concluded that dicots have two leaf sproutings that come out at once. Monocots have a single sprouting at a time. We can conclude this because after planting our monocot and dicot plants, the result showed that dicots had two sprouts and monocots had one. We believe that Rye and Lima beans are dicot, and alfalfa is monocot.

3.


 * 4. Examples of Herbaceous Monocots:**
 * Lemon Grass
 * Orchid
 * Ginger
 * Examples of Herbaceous Dicots:**
 * Magnolia
 * Crab Apple
 * Mint


 * 5. Monocot Plants**
 * Corn
 * Sugar Cane
 * Grasses (Wheats, oats, rice)


 * Dicot Plants**
 * Maples
 * Cotton
 * Soybeans
 * Oaks


 * 6.** The Bigtooth Aspen is a dicot because the leaves are netted.The Tulip tree is also a dicot because the veins are not parallel. --**Tori Brooks**

Black Walnut-Dicot because it has paired cotyledon and has two seed halves.
 * Kelsey:** Staghorn Sumac-Monocot because it has fibrous roots.

Maija: White Pine and the Eastern Hemlock are both neither monocot or dicot because they have varying numbers of cotyledons that can range from 2-24, depending on the species. This makes these trees multicotyledonous.

Black Cherry Tree- Dicot because of the arrangement of the vascular bundles. Devil's Club- Monocot because the veins on the leaf run parallel
 * Caroline**:


 * 7**. Cotton is used to make a lot of our clothing. Corn is used for the feeding of our animals, which we later eat. The Black Walnut is used to make rifle stocks, furniture, flooring, and the oil is used as stain.

Sources: [|www.wikipedia.com] www.wavehill.org/gardens http://www.hiltonpond.org/ThisWeek020415.html www.npsnj.org/references/native_plants__Hudson.xl

=Food and Fiber=

Hemp Wheat
 * 1) Mostly grown in Europe, China, and Canada.
 * 2) Blended with cotton, silk, and flax to make clothing and furnishings in the United States, UK, China, Europe, and Canada.The two inter fibers of hemp are used in mulch, animal bedding, and litter. The oil from the seeds are used in oil based paints, lotions, cooking, and plastics. It is also used in bird seed and fishing bait.
 * 3) Hemp has anti-inflammatory properties. During the gold rush, Levi pants were made of hemp so that when the heavy gold was packed into their pockets they would not rip.
 * 1) The leading wheat producing countries are China, the Soviet Union, the United States, India, and Canada.
 * 2) Wheat is used to create bread, cake, pretzels, breakfast cereals, cookies, crackers, pasta.
 * 3) Wheat has been around for at least 6,000 years.

http://www.globalhemp.com/Archives/FAQ/interesting_facts_on_hemp.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp

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