SpencerF

= About Me: = **//Hi I'm Spencer, I am a junior in high school I play football. I have been playing football for ten years now, I also run track. I have two pets a cat and a dog. I am 100% Italian and love my heritage. I love pizza and hot wings! In my free time I like to listen to music, hangout with friends, snowboard, watch movies, and lift. I don't like school but I find learning new things is interesting.//**

= Uses of the Allegheny National Forest: = = Top nature based activities: = = =
 * Allegheny National Forest is known for it's black cherry, maple, and the many other hardwoods.
 * One percent of the trees on the Plateau were black cherry.
 * The old-growth forest contained many rich, and biodiversity, also labeled with fallen logs.
 * The deer population decreased close to gone due to immense hunting.
 * In 1890 and 1930, wood chemical plants many pieces of charcoal, wood alcohol, and acetic acid.
 * The establishment of the Allegheny Forest was in 1923.
 * The forest matured between the time of 1900 to 1940.
 * The United States Congress in 1911 passed what they called the Weeks Act which allowed the federal government to buy land in eastern states.
 * Day hiking
 * Visit a wilderness or primitive area
 * Visit a farm or agriculture setting
 * Mountain biking

= Viewing and learning: = = =
 * View/photograph natural scenery
 * Visit nature setting, etc.
 * Sightseeing
 * View historic sites

= Water based activity: =

= Snow/ice based activities: =
 * Swim in an outdoor pool
 * Swimming in lakes, streams, etc.
 * Visit a beach
 * Motor boating


 * Any type
 * Snowmobiling
 * Downhill skiing
 * Cross country skiing

= Water shortages: = Some of the ways the water is becoming less and less is because the increase of the population expanding all over. The way people are coping with this hazard are installing a rain barrel for capturing storm water and using it to water the garden, washing fruits and vegetables in a bowl of water rather than under a running faucet, and people are starting compost piles rather than using an in-sink garbage disposal unit.

=Water Pollution Activity A:=

__**Western Pennsylvania**__ Allegheny Energy Supply- Adrian Sonneborn Inc Petrolia Plant- Petrolia Ingleside STP- Johnstown Bethel Park Mun Auth Piney- Piney Plum Boro Mun Auth/Holiday- Plum Boro Mccandless Township- Gibsonia Punxsutawney Boro Mun Auth- Punxsutawney Houtzdale Regional WPCF- Hontzdale US Bronze Foundry and Machine- Foundry Conneaut Lake Jt Mun Auth N&S Shenango Jn Mun Auth Sharon City WWTP- Sharon Orion Power Midwest Lp New- West Pittsburgh Chippewa Township Sanitary- Beaver Falls Center Twp Sew Auth Elkhom- Monaca Max Env Tech Inc- Bulger Pleasand Hills WWTP- Pittsburgh West Mifflin San Sew Mun- West Mifflin Youghiogeny Wpc Plant- North Hunington Western Westmorland Mun- North Hunington Franklin Twp Mun San Auth- Murryville Paden STP- Baden Cranberry Twp Brush Creek- Cranberry Total Env Solutions Inc STP- Dubois International Waxes Farmers Reliant Energy Seward Power Plant- New Florence Ebensbury WWTP- Ebensburg Kenneth Klein- Port Matilda

__**Nevada**__ Twin Creek Mine- Golconda NV Esmeralda Project Gold Mine- Hawthorne, NV Truckee Meadows Wwrf- Reno, NV Laughlin Wrf- Laughlin, NV

__**New Jersey**__ Borealis Compounds LLC- Manfield Twp NJ Hopewell Business Center Stony Brook- Princeton, NJ Oldwick Materials Inc- Tewksbury Twp, NJ

__**New York**__ Camdon (V) WWTP- Camden NY Camp Georgetown- Georgetown, NY Green Haven Community- Oswego, NY

__**Idaho**__ Cit of Bonners Ferry- Bonners Ferry, ID City of Firth- Firth, ID City of Mackay- Mackay, ID

__**Missouri**__ Orton Lane Lagoon- Moberly, MO Bcsd, Eagle Knoll Subd- Hartsburg, MO Ridgeway Wwwtf Trib Lake To Big Crk- Ridgeway, MO

Question #1: I looked at all of Western Pennsylvania, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Idaho, and Missouri. Some of the violations or problems in Pennsylvania were sewage, dumping of chemical waste, discarding petroleum and coal incorrectly, and bad sewage systems.

Question #2: Some places I have chosen were small cities like Plum Boro Mun Auth/Holiday which came up with about 79 violations that deals with incorrect sewage disposal. Other places like International Waxes Farmers have problems with their petroleum and coal waste. I think more cities have a big problem with the pollution of the water then the rural areas just because of the fact there is more people there and they just don't care.

Question #3: I think what were dealing with here is more of a point source type of condition because of the dumping things getting thrown straight into the water such as trash, and waste, and so on.

=Water Pollution Activity B:= Question #1: This is a problem because when people dump into the ocean the water washes the trash up onto the shore. Many of these things that are washed up are not biodegradable. Thus the things that are washed up can hurt the environment, and the habitats in the ocean.

Question #2: Human health is effected by this problem by when kids go to play in the water they could get cut on the glass that is in the water and other garbage that was dumped could be chemical waste so now your cut is exposed to these chemicals that could be deadly. Not only humans are effected by the problem other organisms are effected by this too. Many deaths of dolphins have been caused by the plastic holders of cans. They get their bill stuck the little holes where the cans used to be then it stretches the hole out and slowly opens up to the throat and then they can't get breath from their lungs and then they suffocate.

Question #3: Precautions that I can think of that could take place to avoid this problem is simply done by recycling and throwing your garbage out correctly.

Question #4: Just like in question number three we have to do our part in the world to keep this world working correctly by disposing of hazardous household product such as paints, cleaning solvents, pool chemicals, and polishes the correct way. What some farmers don't know is the fertilizers that are used also hurt the environment so thus they have to take their part by finding someway to dispose of the correctly.

=Climate Change Research:= = = http://www.pewtrusts.org/our_work_category.aspx?ID=112 http://www.newsdesk.umd.edu/scitech/release.cfm?ArticleID=1036

1. What effects do cities have on global warming?
 * Unbiased
 * http://www.ipcc.ch/
 * Cities are the private sector are leading the way,years of inaction, even Congress is beginning to make global warming a priority.
 * People are 90 percent certain that human-generated greenhouse gases are the reason for the dramatic warming.
 * If global warming should take place the city of Boston will have the worst flood in over 100 years.

2. What effect does global warming have on natural disasters?

http://www.livescience.com/globalwarming/
 * Unbiased
 * The increase of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released by the burning of fossil fuels, land clearing, agriculture, and other human activities are believed to be the primary over the course of 50 years.
 * Trees take in carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas releases oxygen. Forest cut down 20% to 40% of carbon dioxide in the U.S.

3. What animals are dying because of sea ice?

http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/2009/09/11/when-arctic-sea-ice-melts-shippers-win-and-walruses-lose/
 * Biased
 * As the sea continues to melt the walruses began to die off more rapidly
 * Thousands of walruses are congregating on Alaska's northwest coast, a sign that their arctic sea ice environment has been altered by climate change.
 * Walruses wear themselves out diving for clams, and need to rest on the sea ice between meals. Since the sea is disappearing, they are turning to the shore for a break.

=2 Fuel Efficient cars Activity=

Research 2 cars and how their design features affect fuel economy. Discuss how aspects of the engine, body, and other components of the car could be modified to minimize the amount of fuel the car requires. Which features is more fuel-efficient? Which are least fuel efficient?
 * Individual activity: **

Comparison:
 * Model || Year || MPG || Price || Type ||
 * Dodge Durango Hybrid || 2010 || 19/20 || $12,00 || SUV ||
 * Smart ForTwo || 2010 || 33/41 || $44,500 || Coupe ||

The Dodge Durango hybrid is an SUV that for it size gets a decent mile to the gallon but is no match for the Smart ForTwo. The Dodge Durango is fuel efficient due to it being a hybrid making. It uses electricity and gas minimizing the pollution into the air. The fact that the Dodge Durango still has its gas into the teens being a hybrid isn’t that great. The only place where the Durango could win is with space seating five people where as the Smart ForTwo only seating two. If you were located in the city though and just looking for a small car to get around to run errands in the Smart ForTwo would be your best bet. The Dodge Durango is made out of heavy equipment such as steal and metal weighing it down using more miles to the gallon. The Smart ForTwo is 95% recyclable and made out of fiberglass and composite plastic weighing less. The Smart ForTwo sounds almost like the car but it does have some cons such as very unstable on the highway, which could be dangerous when trying to pass someone. The performance is limited by lacking horsepower at only getting 70 hp. If you think about how small the car is the mileage is disappointing as well. Although the Smart ForTwo is small it does have lots of leg and shoulder room for two passengers. The Dodge Durango is not completely bad it has some pros such as solid towing and off-road capability, better mileage than the gas version but that is not really satisfying because like I said it is still in the teens with gas mileage. The Smart ForTwo’s engine ranges featured turbocharged three cylinder motors. The top speed of this car is 100 mph the engine is 799 cc. Where as the Durango has a Magnum V8 and 360 hp. The top speed of the Durango is 145 mph. The Smart ForTwo car is more fuel efficient then the Durango but when it comes to space, safety and reliability the Durango’s got it. The way the tires rotate and how many rotate has a big effect on fuel economy. The Smart ForTwo is two wheel drive causing low availability in snow because its already terribly assembled. The Dodge Durango is fourwheel drive just like your standard SUV wasting more fuel in the summer time that you wouldn’t need to use.

=__ Crisis dealing with oil __=

1.) The U.S. trade deficit is rising meaning it is widened our deficit, increasing the gap between our imports and exports. 2.) The U.S. is spending $1 billion dollars daily over seas when it can be used in house holds. 3.) Due to us making major contributors to the global demand for oil the U.S. is paying to finance and sustain unfriendly regimes. Our demand jacks up the oil prices because of these reasons. 4.) Receiving oil from “dangerous or unstable” countries because we are so desperate for oil. 5.) Not only does the gas jeopardize us but it is jeopardizing the Earth as well because the statistics show the global warming rates have sky rocketed since 2007.

I believe that what I read I do believe because clearly there is statistics showing that global warming can happen and WILL happen if we don’t change our fuel type now. The fuel we use is efficient for us to us but we can’t pay outrages prices constantly and be going to war just for a small amount of oil that is left. Scientists say that in 2020 the oil will be all gone and if you think about it that’s not far from where we are today. The pollution of the fuel we are using is also hurting the environment as well. There are different fuel types that are better than gas. Air cars I think will be a big deal here in the near future because one they give off no air pollution, two they cost about $2 to fill up, and three they can travel at rates just as high as gas puts out.

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=Essay Topics:= Spencer Fiumara Essay Topics Science For Living

1. What I would like to do first is find a way to get automatic lights installed in the places where there is not a lot of activity but the lights still stay on most often. 2. Second thing that came to mind is automatic flushing and faucets. They’re some kids who just leave the faucets on and they just run until someone comes in and shuts them off so why don’t we prevent that with automatic faucets and flushing systems. 3. Third thing I would like to point out is energy efficient light in the classrooms or more skylights. We use entirely too much energy in the classroom between the smart boards, projectors, and printers so we can save energy with LED lights in the classroom.

We’re showing many options that we can resort to and you’re probably getting the mind set reminding yourself that we have a budget in our school. We are well aware that we have a budget in this school, but the up side of this is you buy these products and you save more than you think in the long run. [] This is a link showing that you can save 70$ a year just with that one lamp and it’s very efficient! Now imagine our whole school filled with these energy star lights and replacing the bathroom lights with motion sensor lights. These lights also last a long time and to ensure your purchase there are 2 years warranties on them. From research on our energy audit we can tell that 75% of teachers keep their lights on in the classrooms. 100% of the lights are on in the bathrooms throughout the day, we’ve done our research and now we have to take action. [] Here is a couple stats on the cost and such. Don’t think we’re in this alone there are many schools out there that are changing for instance this school in New Jersey. []. [] Mrs. Maine has been giving us a lot of information as to ways we can save energy and I think she’s right because there are statistics showing that we need to take action now or all hope will be lost. Here is a short video of students in New York learning ways they can save energy. [] The automatic plumbing can save us up to 20% of money yearly and we can conserve water. We have students that have just left the faucets on and left the facility. How much money do you think that cost to have our pumps continuously using electric to push that water right down the drain. We could stop that with automatic faucets where there are no knobs to be turned just put your hands under the faucet and rinse. [] Here is a link showing an automatic faucet attachment starting at $14.95 and if you read in the description it says “ The automatic faucet control was originally designed to save water and money.” This is that action we’re trying to pursue. The last point I would like to point out is wasting of food and bottles. We waste so much in this school. There are many students who have told me that they don’t want milk but yet they still have to get it. I don’t think we should tell a student to go get milk if they don’t want it because it most likely is just going to get thrown away. So why waste when we can recycle it? Here is a link to an article that student took their part in going green and saved up to $7,500 dollars in the schools electric bill. [] The students actually did exactly what we’re doing by starting with an energy audit and gathering information. Now it’s up to you to take action, help save some money and stop wasting.

__Commodity__ – Something useful that can be turned too commercial or other advantage. 1. Central Region

2. Crude oil, petroleum products, aluminum, and lumber

3. Great Lakes, Thousand Islands, Niagara Falls, Red Deer River, and Prairies Ib4.pdf (Mountains, Hills, Plateaus, and Valleys)

4. Humid continental climate, population of 2,768,870, Toronto, agriculture effects and harsh climate.

5. Inuit’s are the group that lives in the Central Region of Canada and Alberta is usually the main attraction when people go to Canada. Alberta is the fastest growing city in Canada

6. Petroleum products, passenger cars, car parts & accessories, aluminum, lumber, and fishing materials. Yes, there are the top 5 commodities nationally too such as lumber, aluminum, and petroleum products. []

7. Petroleum products because they export $63.7 billion dollars yearly of it. Passenger cars are another big one because they spend $36.6 billion dollars yearly and that is 12.5% of the states commodities. []

=Land Stand Survey=

The land stand survey is a prime example as to what we should do with the focus of our overall land use in the US. Farmers I think should have the right to do what they please with their agricultural land because it’s their land they paid for and nurtured. Keeping state parks I think if beneficial to the US because as you know many people like to camp and the land that the state provides gives those people who enjoy camping a chance to get away and be “one with nature”. I think there is a lot of land out there that should be built on if we wanted to expand. I’m not saying that I’m for expanding, but what I am saying is I think we should keep the unused land the way it is and knock down the unnecessary buildings that are not in use. If this was the case we wouldn’t have so many people in one place, it would decrease crime, population, pollution, and cities would be extinct.

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