Energy

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=**Intro activity to fuel economy:**=

Compare the two graphs below.

Write down how the countries compare in **fuel economy** and also in **gasoline taxes**.

Answer the following:
 * 1) What relationships do you notice between the fuel economy and the taxes in a given country?
 * 2) Do a quick research of the most often used transportation (types of vehicles) for the countries.
 * 3) What conclusions can we draw?



=Pre-activity:=

Create a KWL chart (what I **k**now, what I **w**ant to know, and what I **l**earned) about the following questions:
 * What is Fuel efficiency?
 * What types of cars are the most fuel efficient and why?
 * What factors might contribute to a desire for increased fuel efficiency in cars?
 * How fuel-efficient are cars today compared to 50 years ago?

=Vocabulary= By-product Fossil fuel Petroleum Crude oil Extraction Natural resource Renewable resource Non-renewable resource Bedrock Hydraulic fracturing Hydrocarbons Natural gas Offshore drilling Fractional distillation Volatile Viscosity Polymers Combustion Tar sands Oil shale

=Activity:= You are an archaeologist from the future studying the time period between 2000 - 2050 AD. Your team recently found an incredible site that has artifacts about transportation during this time period. At this site, you find dozens of old cars and car pieces. There is also a sign that says "Jesse's Junkyard, Established 2015." You can assume the oldest cars in the junkyard are from the year 2000. In 2050, a devastating natural event leveled this part of the town and all businesses ceased to operate. You can assume that the cars are from the 2000 - 2050 time period. You will explore:


 * What attitudes about fossil fuels and alternative energy changed between 2000 and 2050?
 * What alternative energy sources seemed to be the most used?

You will research:
 * the types of alternative energies available and
 * predict which energy sources currently under research today would be the most likely used in the next 50 years.
 * Why was this one energy source selected to replace fossil fuels?
 * Why was this type of energy most practical?
 * All information will be presented in any format you desire as long as it can be added on a wiki page.
 * References to all materials and information is required and all images must be taken by you or from Creative Commons and attributed to the original owner. (If you need a refresher on how to do this, all you need to do is ask!)

How to begin:
 * First, we need a plan. Use your kwl charts to find more information that you need about fuel efficiency, cars, and renewable energy. This will serve as a map for you to find the information you need to complete the assignment. Use this research plan to help: [[file:Research plan for Junkyard Activity.docx]]
 * Use some of the resources below to start thinking about the questions.
 * If you find a great resource to share, please add it below in the resources section. (You just may be rewarded.)
 * You will be graded individually on your contributions to the group. Written summaries of material you found will be assigned and graded.

=Assessment:=

=Individual activity:= Research 2 cars and how their design features affect fuel economy. Discuss how aspects of the engine, body, and other components of the car could be modified to minimize the amount of fuel the car requires. Which features are more fuel efficient? Which are least fuel efficient?

=Resources:= http://www.fueleconomy.gov/ http://www.energyquest.com/ http://www.afdc.energy.gov/ http://innerauto.com/innerauto/htm/auto.html http://www.ott.doe.gov/hev/ http://www.azstarnet.com/auto100 http://www.driveusa.net/future_fuels.htm

=Oil is more than energy= How is oil production/distribution as well as political and economic issues related?

View this resource to see where we get our oil: http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2010/01/oil_imports_security.html

Write 5 statements that are concerns expressed in this article.

What do you think? Research more information if needed to back up your statements.

=Products from Petroleum=

Background
Most people associate petroleum with transportation — but we are surrounded by thousands of other everyday products that come from this vital natural resource. A typical 42- gallon barrel of crude oil yields about 20 gallons of gasoline and 4 gallons of jet fuel. What products come from the other 18 gallons? Almost 150 years ago, on Aug. 27, 1859, “Colonel” Edwin Drake discovered oil at a depth of 69½ feet near Titusville, Pennsylvania, the birthplace of America’s petroleum industry. A replica of his wooden derrick stands at the Drake Well Museum. The museum’s exhibits tell the story of technologies that led to kerosene, gasoline, jet fuel, and an abundance of other commonplace products. For example, in 1872, a young chemist named Robert Chesebrough patented a method for turning a waxy residue from oil wells into a balm. He called it Vaseline. In 1913, Thomas Williams became intrigued when his sister mixed Vaseline with a darkening agent, perhaps coal dust. Before long, he was selling “Lash-Brow-Ine” by mailorder catalogue. He later renamed his product Maybelline. Did you know that automobile tires were white until 1910, when B.F. Goodrich Co. introduced “carbon black” into the vulcanizing process? Carbon black, which looks like soot, is produced by controlled combustion of petroleum products, both oil and natural gas. Its use in tires dramatically increased strength and durability — and created an immense market.

A byproduct of petroleum distillation quickly found its way from refinery to marketplace in the form of candles, sealing waxes, and peculiar American candies. In the early 1920s, a Buffalo, N.Y., confectioner used fully refined, foodgrade paraffin to produce “penny chewing gum novelties.” His business boomed.

Research products made from petroleum. Do not include any type of fuels.
 * Activity**

Choose one product and research when it was invented, how it was used and how uses are different through the years. Discuss how it is manufactured and any unusual or surprising information you have learned. Create a poster using a powerpoint slide, comic life, or other program.
 * Common Products That Use Petroleum:**
 * Plastics
 * Ink
 * Paint
 * Shoe Polish
 * nylon
 * Roof shingles
 * Novelty Candy
 * Cosmetics
 * Candles
 * Vaseline
 * Bug Killer
 * Ammonia
 * Tires
 * Asphalt
 * Crayons
 * Paper cups
 * Wax paper
 * CD's and DVD's
 * footballs
 * Cassette
 * Balloons
 * Nail Polish
 * toielts seats
 * Wheels
 * Oil Filters
 * Bearing Grease
 * Speakers
 * Purses
 * yarn
 * lipstick
 * Fan belts
 * golf balls
 * Sunglasses
 * Shoes
 * Perfumes
 * Safety Glasses
 * Plastic wood
 * Rubber Cement
 * Life Jackets
 * Guitar Strings
 * Putty
 * Shower Curtains
 * Fertilizers
 * Surf Boards
 * Dice
 * Candles
 * Dishes
 * Roofing
 * Toothpaste
 * Floor Wax
 * Antifreeze
 * Detergent
 * Tennis Racket
 * Aspirin
 * Dresses
 * skis
 * Motor Oil
 * ballpoint pens
 * Tents
 * Shaving cream
 * Speakers
 * Vitamin capsules
 * Denture adhesive
 * Motorcycle helmets
 * Sports Car Bodies
 * or choose an item from the list found here.

=Fractional distillation=

View the following resource and take notes as you go: http://sciencenetlinks.com/energy/interactive/index.php

Follow this resource through its sections and answer the questions using this document:

= = =What do you think?= Write a paragraph that discusses what this graph represents and what you think about it. =Powering our cities= Use the following link to power a city. As you play, look at what happens to each of the ratings as you make certain choices. Use paper to take notes on what you notice and what happens throughout the game. http://www.sciencenetlinks.com/interactives/powerup.html

How will you use the information from the above link to create and power your own city? Decide on what you learned from the above activity and create an editorial about what we be an ideal way to power our cities in the future. Be sure to back it up with the advantages of using that type of power and the negatives from using others.

=The Truth About Energy= What do you think about these two resources? What do you agree with and what do you disagree with? What surprising information did you learn? Write a paragraph about each one of these resources. http://unc.news21.com/ http://www.streetfilms.org/fixing-the-great-mistake-autocentric-development/

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=Energy review=