Curly

Lana Malia Brendon Knarr toc

=Respiratory System of a Pig=

=External Structure=



Terms in step 2 above

Pelvic - a basin shaped bone in vertebrates located in the anterior part of the pig which allows it to walk with its back legs. Trunk - thoratic region of the pig. Pectoral - the chest region of the pig Head - the cranial, contains the snout and external nares, pinnae, eyes Thorax - the area from the chest to the abdomen of the pig

Term in step 3 above

Abdomen- The butt of the pig Medial- pertaining to the middle Caudal- Vertebrate in the Pig extending out into the tail Cranial- The head, or cranium Umbilical Cord- Extends from the mid-ventral abdominal surface to the placenta and identifies the animal as a fetus Mammary Papillae-Nipples of the pig, females use these to feed young, males also have these but they serve no purpose. Anterior-the cranial end of the organism Posterior-the caudal end of the organism

Proximal- Relatively close to something Distal- Relatively far from something Lateral- View of pig from side angle Left- Left hand side Right- Right hand side Dorsal- Back of pig Ventral-the view of the it when it is laying on its back



Pinnae-the outer part and feathery of the ear which captures sound

Eye- organs in the pigs head through which the pig sees

Nictitating membrane- the third eyelid

Eyelids-upper and lower folds of skin which cover the eyes when they are closed

Urogenital opening- where waste and reproductive fluid is expelled

Urogenital papillae- allows female pigs to expelled waste fluids from the body

Anus-opening through which solid waste is expelled

Scrotal sacs-pouch of skin containing the testicles

Artery- blood vessels that carry the blood away from the heart

Vein-blood vessels that carry the blood back to the heart

Ankle-joint connecting the foot to the leg

Knee-joint between thigh and lower leg

Wrist-joint connecting front foot to leg

Elbow-joint connecting distal part of the front leg to the proximal part of the front leg

Toe-the digits of the foot

Umbilical veins main function is to carry oxygen to the fetal pig. Umbilical arteries carry away waste products that the fetal pig creates.

Yes both sexes have mammary papillae, this is because all babies start out female and then become male if they gain a Y chromosome.

There are twelve mammary papillae on the fetal pig.

The pig has toes, ankles, wrists, and knees like humans. The placement of the joints also sort of matches the placement of the joints in humans. They move the same way as human joints as well. However the pig does not have advanced digits like humans have.

=Mouth=


 * Note the soft palate is mislabeled in this picture. The soft palate is really below the hard palate. Around the region where the glottis is labeled.

Epiglottis-flap at the root at the root of the tongue which prevents food from going down the windpipe.

Glottis- opening in the upper part of the larynx it aids and influences vocalization

Gullet-tube leading from the mouth to the stomach it is used for food intake

Nasopharnyx- The upper throat that lies behind the nose it is used to help the pig breath

Soft palate- soft tissue on the back of the roof of the mouth it closes off nasal passages during chewing

Hard palate- bony plate of the skull at the roof of the mouth it is used to form sounds

Nare-nostril it is used to breath

Tongue- muscle on the floor of the mouth it is used to aid in chewing, swallowing, tasting and speech

Taste buds- small structures on the surface of the tongue used to taste

Vestibule-the area between the cheeks/lips and teeth

Uvula-fleshy structure hanging in the back of the mouth used in speech

Both jaws have teeth. The teeth start erupting while the pig is in the womb.

The gullet, glottis, and epiglottis, are located close together in the back of the mouth. The relation ship between these three things are that the gullet, also known as the esophagus is the tube that connects the mouth with the stomach. The glottis is the opening to the lungs. The epiglottis separates the two and prevents food form going in to the lungs, thus keeping the food in the gullet.

The tongue is a muscle in the mouth that is only connected at one end. It helps humans and animals form sounds.It also helps with chewing and swallowing. The tongue is the primary organ of taste because of the taste buds. The taste buds are located on the top of the tongue, the soft palate, the epiglottis, and the upper esophagus.

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=Skinning the Pig= The skin is less then 0.5 cm thick it is like the thickness of a piece of paper.

The hypodermis is the membrane or structure that connects the skin to the muscles of the pig.

The pigs skin protect the organs that are inside the pig, and helps the pig perform homeostasis. =Muscles= Joint-the junction between bones

Extensor- muscle capable of extending

Flexor-muscle bending a joint or limb

Origin-the source or root of a muscle

Insertion- the attachment point of a muscle

Belly- front of body around the stomach

Tendon-a tough band connecting muscle to bone

Fascia- connective tissue

Antagonistic pairs- to muscles that work in opposite way- one pushing, the other pulling

Adductor-muscle that pulls in

Abductor- muscle that extends

=Digestive System=

The pancreas also aids homeostasis. Here the liver is mislabeled. It is really the structure in the farthest right part of the picture. The liver has at least five lobes. The lobes carry the juice required for the stomach to be able to digest the food that comes in and goes out of the stomach and intestines. The sections of the small intestine are the Jejunum, lleum, and the Duadenum. The order of the sections are the Duodenum, then the Jejunum, and last was the lleum. The Duodenum is were chemical digestion takes place. The jejunum is were nutrients are absorbed and the lleum absorbes any left over nutrients that the jujunum missed.

the colon of the pig is set in a spiral like shaped instead of an upside-down U.

The liver makes the bile and the gall bladder stores the bile releases it to be used for digestion.

The lung has five lobes, three on the right, and two on the left. The Superior lobe and the Inferior lobe are on both sides but the Middle lobe are on the right. We saw two vocal chords.

The left ventricle has the largest muscle mass. The pulmonary artery is connected to the right ventricle. The aorta is connected to the left ventricle. The aorta is the largest artery ad contains blood under the greatest pressure. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, and veins carry blood back to the heart.

They are studied together because they involve most of the same body parts The main purpose for the reproductive system is to make a bigger population for the continuation of the species or the organism. The main purpose of the excretory system is to maintain and control the balance of fluid inside the body. The path of the waste system of is that first it goes through the mouth, down the esphogoes to the stomach. From there it enters the kidneys and into the ureters. then it goes down to the urthra and out of the body. The egg is released by the ovary. It then travels down the fallopian tube. If sperm are present, fertilization takes place in the fallopian tube and it will travel to the uterus where it will implant in the uterine wall. Then it will go through the uterus and the cervix and come out the vagina. If no sperm are present, it will go to the uterus and be shed during the menstrual period.

Sperm starts in the testis and go through the epididymis and the vas deferens. From there it travels into the urethra and out the penis.

Terms from sections 1 and 4 are from the excretory system while terms from 2 and 3 are from the reproductive system. The adrenal glands are tiny organs star shaped organs that produce hormones. They are part of the reproductive system.

Kidney- waste removing vertebrate organ

Urinary Bladder- sac for urine

Ureter- urinary duct transports urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Urthra- tube for discharging urine

Ovary- female reproductive organ

Oviduct- tube that transports eggs to the womb

Uterus- womb, it protects and nurtures babies before they are born

Uterine horn-points where the uterus and the uterine tubes meet, it is were the fetus grows

Cervix- connects the uterus to the vigina

Birth canal- the passageway through which the fetus passes during birth

Testis- the male sex glands they produce and store sperm

Vas deferens- transports sperm from epididymis

Epididymis- holds sperm

Prostrate- secretes semen

Seminal vesicles- secrete seminal fluid

Scrotum- keeps the temperature of the testis lower than the rest of the body

Cortex- outermost layer that holds the kidney

Medulla- maintains salt and water balance of blood