Logan+W.

toc =About me= my blog

=I play football, basketball and baseball. Football is my favorite sport because I play quarterback. My favorite thing to do other than play sports is to hang out with friends and my older brother. I also have two dogs named Brutus and Tessa, Brutus is a very large beagle and Tessa is a very friendly westie. Im super silly and i like apples. White Pine= sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_White_Pine
 * 1) Name-White Pine
 * 2) scientific name- __Pinus Strobus__
 * 3) Organism that infects tree- White pine weevil and white pine blister rust
 * 4) Provides habitat or food for-small mammals
 * 5) Justify classification of tree to related trees - Each pine trees cone production peaks every 3 to 5 years.
 * 6) Commercial use of tree- Used as masts for ships, lumber, and food and medicine
 * 7) Twig characteristics- Brown and green
 * 8) Where tree is found in the world-Appalachian mountains and Georgia
 * 9) Draw or find a picture of a drawing of the leaf to show to the class.

=Fir= 1. Name- Fir 2. scientific name-Abies 3. Organism that infects tree- Grey Pug and Pine Beauty 4. Provides habitat or food for-Chionodes 5. Justify classification of tree to related trees-all firs have needle like leaves. related to cedars 6. Commercial use of tree-Timber 7. Twig Characteristics- brown 8. Where tree is found in the world- North and Central America 9. Draw or find a picture of a drawing of the leaf to show the class. sources:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fir

http://search.creativecommons.org/?q=fir+tree&sourceid=Mozilla-search#OliBac.jpg

Thumb Wars


 * Homework**: Write paragraphs about how the thumb wars activity follows the scientific method. Be sure to discuss all the points and steps of the scientific method using the appropriate terminology. Discuss what you believe to be the most important step in the scientific method and explain your reasoning. Discuss one thing that you learned that you didn't know before doing this assignment.

Logan Weaver

My organism is called deerdog. Deerdog is a mix of between a deer and a dog. It has a long tail and ears like a dog but has all the other features of a deer. It is in the Chordata phylum and it is a part of the mammalia family. The deerdog lives in mountainous regions, sleeping mostly in caves. It feeds off of smaller mammals such as fox’s and rabbits.





This is a chart showing the banana results and their average



this chart and graph shows the results for onions and their average temperatures.

1. I learned that the temperatures for each of these foods do not vary much when they are compared in cold hydrogen, hot hydrogen and at room temperature. i also learned what foods have starches and sugars in them that i was not aware of and the amounts of these in the food samples.

2. My question is what effect does hydrogen peroxide have on these foods? One of the directions was too pour hydrogen peroxide in the test tube. Enzymes speed up the reaction which breaks down hydrogen peroxide into two chemicals, water and oxygen. If the cells did not break this down, they would be poisoned and die.

http://www.csun.edu/~aef21890/coursework/695/science_kit/enzyme-catalase.htm



I found that Simple sugars and starches were not present in the ground beef but proteins and fats are. I guessed that this would happen because when I think of meat I think of getting big after eating them I guess. More so than a onion or even liver. The results from the catalyst activity were, for ground beef most of the class found that in warm hydrogen peroxide that it was on a scale of 1 to 5 with it being 3 to 5. This tells us that proteins and fats are majorly present in comparison to the bio molecules. There was not much activity with the onion.

I learned how to judge something’s measure of protein or fat on a scale of 1 to 5 with just using a test tube and hydrogen peroxide and hot water.

1.Heat causes the rate of reaction to increase. 2. An increase in surface area would cause molecules to bounce around much more. 3. An increase in concentration would cause a lot of molecules to move and hit off one another at a fast rate.

1. Proteins are the molecules that make up enzymes. 2. The shape of an enzyme determines the function of it. 3. Denaturing is when an enzyme is completely destroyed and cannot be remade or reformed. 4. Without enzyme reaction molecules have collided, they have not yet been at the correct way to form a strong bond. With an enzyme reaction it is specific that simple sugar molecules will fit in, and they are attracted to the enzyme. 5. An enzyme might speed up a reaction because it is a catalyst and that speeds up or slow down reactions. 6. They are particular about reactions because they would want to join two unlike molecules. This might cause problems for an organism if it doesn’t make certain bonds. 7. The shape of an enzyme is important because it has a specific function and so that certain molecules can combine with the enzyme. 8. An enzyme can be reusable because it can bond more than just two molecules at one time. A protein can be used over and over again as long as the enzyme has not been denatured. Kept in a safe place. 9. Heating an enzyme can affect its function by creating more kinetic energy. There will be more energetic collisions, the number of collisions per unit time will increase, and the heat of the molecules in the system will increase as well. 10. Heating an enzyme does not always have the same effect when the catalyst needs to act on a substance. 11. The difference between hydrolysis and condensation is that condensation makes polymers and hydrolysis breaks them down or apart. 12. Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. 13. Proteins are made of amino acids. 14. The process that creates proteins is polypeptides, which is a chain of amino acids that then create proteins. 15. Joining amino acids into long chains called polypeptides makes proteins. Each polypeptide contains a combination of any or all of the 20 different amino acids. 16. The mouth, stomach and small intestine all help to break down carbohydrates. Enzymes in the mouth and small intestine help to break down carbohydrates to make glucose. Acidic gastric juices are secreted in the stomach and digestion continues until the environment becomes too acidic. Carbohydrates are then broken down to glucose in the small intestine and then absorbed into the bloodstream. The pancreas sees an increase in glucose levels in the bloodstream and pumps insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin unlocks the cells glucose channels so the muscles and cells can take up glucose thought the open channels. It then stops the flow of insulin. 17. Fats and lipids do not dissolve in water, they tend to congeal together into large masses. The enzyme responsible for breaking down fats is lipase. Using bile, which is secreted by the liver and stored by the gallbladder, solves the problem. The process that breaks down fats is called emulsification, which allows lipase to gain access to the fat molecules, and thus aids digestion. 18. Heart attacks happen when blood flow to a section of heart muscle becomes blocked. 19. Primary protein structures look like strands of string or a piece of curled hair. 20. Secondary structure looks like a small portion of a primary protein. Also looks like an alpha helix or a pleated sheet. 21. Tertiary structure looks like yarn because of how much of it is twisted in knots. 22. Quaternary structure looks like a bundle of tertiary structures put together. It has thicker strands of proteins than tertiary structures.

Photosynthesis web-quest 1. When something takes light and converts it into a food. 2. Three types are plants, algae, and some types of bacteria. 3. The chemical equation is 6 CO2 + 6H20= C6H1206+ 6 02. Six molecules of carbon dioxide and six H20 molecules with the help of light give the producer one molecule of glucose and six molecules of oxygen. 4. The raw materials of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water. a. The products are glucose and oxygen b. It needs light energy 5. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of the plant cells. a. A specific cell involved is a mesophyll cell. b. A specific organelle involved is chloroplasts.

6. A plant gets raw materials needed for photosynthesis by humans. This is because we give off carbon dioxide when we exhale. Plants give us oxygen through photosynthesis. 7. A stoma is a pore, found in the leaf and stem epidermis that is used for gas exchange. It is known as a guard cell, which are responsible for regulating the size of the opening. 8. The organelle responsible for photosynthesis is the chloroplast. The top part of the membrane is freely permeable to molecules. A smooth inner membrane contains many transporters. 9. The light stage and it occurs in the thylakoid membranes. 10. Photosystems are driven by the hyper chlorophyll molecules. When the electrons are coming to a resting state the photosystems excite them even more, which then produce NADPH. 11. The second part is called the light independent reaction and it occurs in stroma. 12. Molecules are moved and converted in the stroma so that they are prepared for the third part of photosynthesis. 13. Yes, the light stage produces ATP and NADPH that are needed for the second stage to make CO2 (carbon dioxide). 14. Yes. Because there are a few different things needed for photosynthesis. If something was missing we wouldn’t know exactly how it occurs.

Logan Weaver - Light intensity homework

Light intensity- generally is obtained by dividing a power, in watts by a solid angle, a planar area, or a combination of the two. It really is the first part of photosynthesis because light is needed for energy to be absorbed. Therefore the intensity of it depends on how close or how much sunlight a plant is recieving. [|www.wilkipedia.com/lightintensity]

Wavelength and Energy- the amount of energy is inversely related to the wavelength of the light: the shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy of each proton of the light. [|www.wikianswers.differencebetweenwavelengthandenergy.com]

Pigment color- A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption. The chlorophyll organelle in plants contains green pigment and chromoplasts contain different pigments that show in the fall season. [|http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_relationship_between_wavelen]

Wavelength and energy are important in photosynthesis because they both are dependant variable, this means that what happens with one of them changes the other one.

In this lab I learned that more sunlight will make the process of photosynthesis much easier for the plant. And the greater the light intensity the less the wavelength. That can also be switched around.


 * % maximal ATP || ATP created in time frame || Light intensity || Wavelength ||
 * 1.2 || 1 || 20 || 575 ||
 * 4 || 1 || 40 || 600 ||
 * 25.5 || 3 || 60 || 650 ||
 * 11 || 1 || 80 || 675 ||
 * 2.5 || 1 || 100 || 700 ||
 * 100 || 5 || 200 || 425 ||
 * 13.8 || 9 || 100 || 675 ||
 * 27.5 || 14 || 200 || 675 ||
 * 80 || 40 || 160 || 425 ||
 * 0 || 0 || 0 || 750 ||
 * 17 || 6 || 40 || 650 ||
 * 3 || 1 || 120 || 700 ||
 * 7.5 || 2 || 200 || 475 ||

1.5% solution was the best because it had an even amount of sugar. 3% and 10% were kind of outcasts because they are to little or to much concentration. 2.The dependant variable was the fermentation and the independent variable was the amount of sugar in each beaker. 3.A warm environment and not to warm and not to cold. A 5% sugar solution was best preferred because it was moist environment and a good sugar concentration. Dark environment. 4. 3% had risen the least. 10% seemed to rise the most. 5.Anaerobic respiration because yeast undergo fermentation which does not require oxygen.


 * __ DNA Spooling with Strawberries Discussion and Questions __**

1. Where is DNA found? Be specific. DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell and in the mitochondria

2. Is it possible to see and touch DNA? Explain your answer. Yes it is possible to see and touch DNA. We touched and saw DNA in our expirament

3. What did the DNA look like? Be specific. It was clumped and gooey looking. And It was pink

4. How did you break down the cell walls within the strawberry? Smashing it up 5. Explain how you were able to break down the cell membranes and nuclear membranes within the strawberry. Cold ethanol

6. Explain how the DNA became visible. It became visible because of the pigments in the strawberries.

7. Is DNA the same in all living organisms? Explain your answer. No only about 90% is the same. The other varies for each species

8. If you wanted to extract DNA from a living person, which cells would you use and why? You would want it to use muscle cells because they have a lot of mitochondria in the cells and from what we learned before mitochondria contains DNA. Including the DNA in the nucleus would be a great amount of DNA in muscles cells instead of non-muscle cells.

Cindy Kaiser, age 24, was found stabbed to death in the bedroom of her second floor apartment. Police detectives discovered skin under one of her fingernails and reasoned that she might have scratched her attacker before she was killed. No motive for the killing has been determined. Two suspects were discovered to have fresh scratches: __Suspect X: Martin Jones__ – Was the victim’s boyfriend. Martin had a scratch on his forearm, which he said happened while he was hunting grouse. Martin’s alibi cannot be supported. __Suspect Y: Harold Kaiser__ – Was the victim’s ex-husband. Harold had a scratch on his face. According to Harold, he cut himself while shaving. Harold said that he was asleep at home by himself at the time of the murder. The DNA from the skin found under Ms Kaiser’s fingernails was cut with two different restriction enzymes and amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Identical treatment was carried out on DNA from cells taken from the two suspects. In a normal crime lab, these procedures would be collected and processed using sterile technique. After PCR was completed, the police lab placed DNA samples into the following containers: DNA Samples: 1. Suspect X DNA fragments cut with enzyme #1 digest 2. Suspect X DNA fragment cut with enzyme #2 digest 3. Crime Scene DNA (taken from skin underneath victim’s fingernails) fragments cut with enzyme #1 digest. 4. Crime Scene DNA (taken from skin underneath victim’s fingernails) fragments cut with enzyme #2 digest. 5. Suspect Y DNA fragments cut with enzyme #1 digest. 6. Suspect Y DNA fragments cut with enzyme #2 digest.
 * __ The Crime Scene: __**
 * __ Forensic Procedures __** :

Your lab group will use police lab electrophoresis techniques to separate DNA fragments in an agar gel. You will then compare DNA fingerprints to see if Crime Scene DNA evidence supports the guilt or innocence of one, both, or neither suspect.


 * __ Crime Scene Lab Analysis: __**

Make a sketch of your gel showing the bands of DNA fragments that appeared during the procedure you just completed. Make sure to label each lane with the appropriate DNA sample loaded into the well.
 * __Data__**:

1. Why do a series of bands appear in the gel? What is true of the DNA fragment band(s) closest to the positive end of the gel (the end opposite the wells)? Because some DNA molecules drag behind. The fragment bands closest to the positive end of the gel are the smaller DNA molecules. The larger DNA molecules drag behind and it takes them longer to move throughout the gel. 2. What caused the DNA to migrate through the gel? Since the net charge of the DNA chains are negative, they are pulled toward the positive potential my an electric field.

3. Would you expect your personal DNA fingerprint to be identical to any of the persons tested in this lab? Explain. No because no two people can have the same DNA. DNA varies in sizes. 4. Based on the results of your gel, what evidence do you have to present to the court concerning this murder case? Suspect two was the culprit because his DNA matched the evidence DNA. 5. Could these DNA samples have been distinguished from on another if only enzyme #1 had been used? Why or why not? No because there wouldn’t have been enough evidence to compare to.



The hydrogen bonds then break apart from one another

The left side gets right side and the right side gets the left side bonds

The two sides then merge together to form two separate strands

n DNA replication a single strand of DNA is split through its bonds by helicase. The left and right side each get a strand that matches it such as ACTTGA. The new strand would have to be TGAACT. Left gets a new right and the right gets a new left. They merge together by DNA polymerase to form two exactly alike pairs of DNA strands. In the end we end up with two similar strands of DNA. DNA replication occurs during the interphase stage of mitosis.



Cell Wall Tough, flexible: rigid layer: keeps out

Logan Weaver Pd. 7

Sickle cell disease

1. What causes this condition? (There are two ways to look at this one - In terms of DNA, what causes the irregularity, and also, what can trigger this genetic change?) Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that affects red blood cells. People with sickle cell disease have red blood cells that contain mostly hemoglobin S, an abnormal type of hemoglobin

2. How is it diagnosed?

There are several types of sickle cell disease. The most common are: Sickle Cell Anemia (SS), Sickle-Hemoglobin C Disease (SC) Sickle Beta-Plus Thalassemia and Sickle Beta-Zero Thalassemia.

3. Who gets this disorder? Discuss percentages, subgroups of people, etc. Is the disorder genetic in nature or is it caused by something environmental?

They are inherited from parents in much the same way as blood type, hair color and texture, eye color and other physical traits. The types of hemoglobin a person makes in the red blood cells depends on what hemoglobin genes the person inherits from his or her parents. Like most genes, hemoglobin genes are inherited in two sets. One from each parent.

4. What are the symptoms of this disorder?

The sickle cells also block the flow of blood through vessels resulting in lung tissue damage. It also causes pain episodes in places such as the arms, chest, legs, and abdomen.

5.Summarize other information that is important.

Treatment for this includes antibiotics, pain management, intravenous fluids, blood transfusion and surgery all backed by psychosocial support.

6. What level is your disorder? Use this [|chart].

Level 2