Why?

Lana M. Rebecca A. Alissa V. Brendon K. toc

=Cells= =Eukaryote and Prokaryote Cells=

Eukaryote Cell
This is a Eukaryote. Eukaryotes have complex structures that are contained within the cell membrane. They also have a nucleus and a nuclear envelope that contains the cells genetic materials. Prokaryotes lack this.

The Eukaryote is a more modern cell. Eukaryote has a true nucleus consisting of nuclear membrane and nucleoli. It consists of multiple microtubules.

Eukaryote A eukaryote cell is inside of an organism whose cells contain complex structures inside the membrane. They have a membrane bound nucleus.

Eukaryote algae cell
from flickr user SewerDoc The eukaryote has a nucleus unlike prokaryotes. Also cell division in eukaryotes is different from organisms without a nucleus. Eurkayotes are bigger than prokaryotes.

Prokaryote Cell
Prokaryote are unicellular the word prokaryote comes from the greek and means nut or kernel and it is divided into two domains the bacteria and the archea. This cell does not have a nucleus in it.

A Prokaryote cell is different from a Eukaryote because it does not have a nucleus. It has a more oval shape then the Eukaryote cell.

Prokaryotic Cell--bacteria
Photo by Flicker user Biology Flashcards Prokaryotes are cells that have no defined nucleus. They are usually smaller than eukaryotes.

What is the difference between the differences in the two nucleus?

Eurkaryotes are more complex and thus have a more complex nucleas. They are also bigger so they have a larger nucleas Prokaryotes have just a mass of nucleus material, while in eukaryotes the nuclear material is held within a nuclear membrane.

[] http://ec.asm.org/



A Prokaryote cell is different from a Eukaryote because it does not have a nucleus. It has a more oval shape then the Eukaryote cell. Picture by Biology Flashcards. =Cheek, Elodea, and Onion Cell Lab=

Cheek Cell


1. The shape of the cheek cell is a circle with little spines or arms sticking out of the outer edge of the cell. The arrangements of the cells are that they are kind of in cluster or in big groups of twenty or more. 2. The cells are all alike because they are all eukaryotic cells; they all have nucleuses and have cell membranes. However they are different because they are in different shapes for example the cheek cell is round, while the other two are oval/rectangular shaped. Also the elodea cell is the only one that is effected by salt, the other two are not. 3. My question for the lab would be why are the cheek cells important to the body of the organism or the excites of the organism itself? The cheek cells are important to the organism because without the cells you would have no cheek at all. 1. The elodea cell and the onion cell are alike because they are both plant cell, eukaryotic and are rectangle shaped. 2. All the cytoplasm went to middle of the cell, this happened because the membrane had dried up from the salt and all the wet cytoplasm moved to the middle of the cell. 3. Our question is that what are the elodea cells do for the plant? The cells are important to the plant because they help the plant live because it helps with the food for the cell and cytoplasm, which is the blood of the plant. This information came from http://www.sciencenetlinks.com

Onion Cell Questions

1. Describe the shape and arrangement of the onion cells. The onion cell look like a lot of small rectangles closely packed it could be Compared to tree bark in looks.

2. What happened to the cells when concentrated salt solution was added to the cells? (1) Why do you think this happened?(1) When the salt was added the chloroplats moved towards the nucleus Because when the cell looses water the cell membrane shrinks therefore Pushing the chloroplats in.

3. What was the purpose of adding the methylene blue or Lugol's iodine to the slide?(1) It was added to make the nucleus visible

4. What question do you have about this activity that has not yet been answered?(1) Do research to answer the question or design and perform an experiment to answer the question.(2) Remember to cite your sources. Why does the methylene blue make the nucleus show up in the cell ? Because it stains the animal cell to make different parts of the cell more visible. []

5. Explain what happens when salt water is added to an onion cell. You must use these words in your explanation: osmosis, diffusion, hypertonic, and hypotonic.

Osmosis is the diffusion of water. It is when the water is taken from the nucleus because of the salt particles; diffusion is when the molecules move from a high concentration to a low one. Hypertonic is when there is more particles in the solution in this case it is referring to the salt particles. The water moves to equal it out on both sides it goes from the red blood cells and then they shrivel and die. Hypotonic means less stuff outside then inside the cell

=Tomato Cell= The tomato looks like a puzzle when it comes to cell part of the fruit. It is a eukaryotic cell, which means it has a cell wall, a membrane, and a nucleus. Also it is a plant cell, which means it has cytoplasm instead of blood like from an animal cell. the cell is about 35 microns

This lab consisted of doing the following: 1.Take the tomato and cut it into thin pieces 2. Then take that piece of tomato and put it on the slide and cover it with methylene- blue 3. Put the tomato on the microscope and switch to the power between high power and low power and focus it. 4. Then put the motic cam on the microscope to get the picture on your computer to be able to put it on the website. 5. Once you have the picture of the cell on the computer you can start to explain what the cell looks like and how it works in the plant.

The cell itself is constructed with regular cell organs that all cells have plus the cell wall that animal cell don’t have. This lab is a lot like the one that we did to compare the plant and animal cell, which involved the process of taking pictures of the cells and comparing and contrasting them to the picture of the other cell that was in the lab. Although in that lab there was an animal cell that we didn’t need to have in that lab that has nothing to do with tomato at all, but it is important to show the difference between the two cells. So in conclusion the tomato is made up of cells in the inside the outer layer of the tomato has come cells but it is not entirely made up of cells like the inside f the vegetable. The reason these two are alike are because the plant cells in that lab and the tomato cell look exactly the same except for the color of the cell but that’s because of the dye.

Fruits and Vegetables have cells because we identified them within the tomato slice. We saw the cell membranes and the nuclease. Also the fruits and vegetables must have cells because they are living things and cell theory states that all living things are made up of cells.

=Apple Cell= ==

1. Take a thin slice of your vegetable/fruit and put a drop methylene blue on it 2. Set the slide with the vegetable/fruit under the microscope 3. Focus the slide under low magnification then move to high 4. Put the Moticam on the end of the microscope and then plug it into the computer 5. Take a picture of what you find under the microscope 6. Identify if what you see is cells or not and why 7. Put the picture on the wiki and then tell why or why not you think the fruit has cells =Cell Model=

After


The agar after diffusion. Th color went .5 cm into each cube.

Middle
The Cubes are in the vile turning a different color because of the use of the Sodium Hydroxide

This is a picture of the agar cubes after they were put in the liquid. They were originally white and after being put in the liquid for ten minutes the changed to the magenta color due to a chemical reaction. =Ven-diagrams=

Centromeres and Telomeres
Lana Malia and Alissa Vite Comparing Cell Parts

Ribosomes and Rough e.d.
Rebecca A. and Brendon K.

=Cell Transport=

This shows osmosis. Osmosis is when water molecules travel from a place where they are in a higher concentration to a place with a low concentration. The travel through the cell membrane through proteins. To perform our experiment to show osmosis and diffusion we used a potato. We first cut the potato into slices and weighted them. Then we put one slice in water, on slice in salt water, and one slice in water mixed with iodine. the comparison of the salt water potato slice and the water potato slice will show osmosis and the potato slice in iodine will show diffusion. After the experiment we came to the conclusion that cell do have osmosis and diffusion. We saw diffusion in the iodine potato when the potato slice absorbed the black coloring. We saw osmosis in the other potato slices when the water potato slice was heavier after it came out of the water, thus it gained weight from the water. =Vocab.= __Diffusion__- act of diffusing, when a substance other than water passes through the cell membrane the movement goes from higher concentrations to lower concentrations.

__Osmosis__- the passing of water through a cell membrane the molecules travel from high concentrations to lower concentrations.

__Hypotonic__ –having lesser osmotic pressure compared to another fluid

__Hypertonic__- having higher osmotic pressure compared to another fluid __Isotonic__ – having equal osmotic pressure and an equal concentration of water molecules __Solute__ - the substance dissolved in another substance __Solvent__- liquid in which the solutes are dissolved __Selectively permeable__- a membrane in cells that only allows certain molecules in __Water potential__ – the measure of waters tendency to move form one area to another __Concentration gradient__ – the gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution __plasmolysis__- when the protoplasm shrinks away from the cell wall in plant cells due to water loss through osmosis. __Turgor__ – the pressure that is produced by a solution against a cell membrane. Cause by differences in osmotic pressure inside and outside of the cell __Active transport__ – the transport of molecules across a cell membrane that requires energy from the cell __Facilitated diffusion-__ the movement molecules across a cell membrane from a lower concentration to a higher concentration.

=Data Table=

Rebecca Athey 1. There are many differences and similarities between diffusion and osmosis. Some are that diffusion is the process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low. Osmosis is the movement of solvent from lower to higher concentration and it is the diffusion of water. Diffusion and osmosis both deal with diffusion. They both also deal with cells. That is some differences and similarities between osmosis and diffusion. Alissa Vite 2. Why are diffusion and osmosis considered to be passive processes? Because diffusion is when a substance is spread through something and a passive process is when molecules are spread through out the cell membrane. They are both processes that spread things through the cell which is an example of passive process. Also each of these processes do not use energy, which is another reason they are a passive process. Lana Malia 3. The difference between active cell transport and passive cell trans port is that active cell transport requires the cell to use energy. Also passive cell transport transports from high concentrations to lower concentrations, while active cell transport transports from lower concentrations to higher. They are similar in that they both transport materials through a cell membrane.

Brendon Knarr 4. The question we had after we did the experiment was how long does it take for the water to travel through the potato itself. In our experiment we took a slice of potato and left in a becer and left it in there for ten minutes. When we took it out it was about halfway though the potato for diffusion, so in conclusion it took about five minutes for the water to travel though the potato. What we did for the inter experiment was that we took three potato slices and put one of them in water, salt water, and iodine. We left them in their for ten minutes to see what the difference would be in the potatoes when we pulled them out of the liquids. It turns out that the potato in the water got heavier, the one in the salt water got lighter, and the one in the iodine nothing happened besides turning into a black potato.

B. Diffusion is when something is spread throughout the cells membrane. An everyday example would be someone smoking the smoker’s pollution would then diffuse through the air. Diffusion is when a substance from a high concentration moves to a low concentration. It is said that the state of diffusion is when substances are mixed.

= Yeast Venn Diagram = =DNA Forensics=

Suspect two committed the crime. We know this because suspect 2 was the yellow and purple lines and they matched the line of DNA evidence (red and white) Legend: Blue and Green- DNA of suspect one Red and white- DNA evidence Yellow and Purple-DNA of suspect two.