pd1.jjm

toc =Group members=

JustineK JessicaH MarthaK MaryW

=Yucky water lab=

Here is a picture of the outcome of our water. Foul water questions. 1. what percentage of water did you recover? 2.Which filtration step lost the most water? Why do you think so? 3.List substances from our homes and nature that must be cleaned from the water. List as many as your group can name. 4.Is it possible to retrieve 100% of water even if mostly clean water is filtered? Why or why not?
 * we recovered 41% of our water
 * removing the oil. whenever we got the dropper of oil we may have sucked up some water too.
 * clothes
 * people
 * animals
 * dishes
 * vehicles
 * plants
 * your house
 * rocks
 * No, because you will have some water that is absorbed in other place, like the filter paper.

=Water Sources Activity A=

=Water Sources=
 * 1) Which countries are the largest consumers of water?
 * southern Asia 24%, eastern Asia 17%, north America 16%.
 * 1) How is this map different from other world maps? How is displaying the data this way better than a regular chart?
 * This map is all squished together. This way to display the map is better because it is color coded which makes it easier to read and compare.
 * 1) Do the countries that use the most water also have the largest populations? Do those that use the least have the least populations? Give two examples for each.
 * No the size of population does not determine the amount of water used. Southern Asia is a large area, it has population of 1389 million, they use 24% of water. Mauritius has a population of 1 million, and they use 31cm per year.

What do we use water for? fire fighting, swimming pools, dish washing, laundry, livestock, mining, watering lawns and gardens, public supply, thermoelectric power, personal hygiene, used during the production of energy from fossil fuels, used for farming, paper, washing your car, steel. competing activities Large city- sewage, industry, fire hydrants, fountains small city- sewage, industry, fire hydrants, fountains suburbs- sewage, fire hydrants, fountains rural areas- sewage, fire hydrants, fountains

What are some problems of competing activities?
 * When there is a small amount of water animals will probably fight over it.
 * feuding between small businesses

Class Lists:
 * showers and baths
 * water plants
 * cooking
 * washing cars
 * laundry
 * watering lawn
 * agriculture
 * toilets
 * drinking
 * *energy-water is a coolant
 * *making machines
 * *making everything

=Activity B= 1. How much water is found in each of these? Use the chart located on this site: @http://www.swivel.com/graphs/show/20068274and determine how much water there is in all the places listed above if the total water on the Earth is 1,386,000,000 cubic kilometers. 2. What percent of the total water on Earth is fresh water? 3.What percent of the FRESH WATER is found frozen in ice? 4.What sources of fresh water are found on the surface of the Earth? 5.Which sources can humans most easily obtain their water? 6.To get an idea of the water we can actually use, look at this site: [] Why is this a problem for the human population (and all the other organisms in the world?)
 * The ocean- 96.5%, icecaps and glaciers- 1.74%, ground water- 1.7%, ground ice and Permafrost-0.022%, lakes- 0.013%, atmosphere-0.001%, swamp water-0.0008%, rivers-0.0002%, biological water-0.0001%.
 * ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams. Only 3.0% is freshwater.
 * 2.0% of the fresh water is frozen.!
 * freshwater is found in ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams.
 * Humans can easily obtain their water from rivers and streams, and food.
 * We only have 0.3% water available to humanity. The only other freshwater we can drink is 2.5%.



=Activity C= View the following picture: @http://serc.carleton.edu/images/eslabs/drought/water_cycle.v2.jpg

= =
 * Team work: put on your team page and label "water sources: activity A" (use heading 1)**
 * 1) List what you observe about the movement of water on the Earth and the amounts of water moving in any direction (The size of the arrow represents the amount of water that is moving. i.e. the larger the arrow, the more water moving that direction.)
 * most water evaporates from the ocean
 * most water goes back into the ocean through precipitaton
 * the second use of water in the cycle is through ground water
 * 1) What portions of the water cycle are available for humans to use?
 * groundwater
 * the river runoffs
 * lakes
 * 1) The amount of water on the Earth has stayed the same, but our populations have been increasing rapidly. Is it possible to "run out of water." If not, why is there a problem.
 * no because the water cycle is constatly going and the cleaning process of the water is always going to be there and there is an unknown ab=mount of water in the oceans
 * 1) Look at the map here @http://soils.usda.gov/use/worldsoils/mapindex/popden.htmland list the areas of the world that are the most populated. Are these areas of the world where there is a lot of water?
 * the purple areas.
 * the red/dark red areas
 * i think they would be a lot of water because they are mostly near the coastal areas

=Activity D=

watershed--the area of land where all of the water that is under it or drains off it goes into the same place stream order-- used to classify a stream sizes range from first order stream to 12th order stream drainage basin--an extent of land where water from rain or snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as river lake reservoir estuary wetland sea or ocean

=Google earth project questions=

Start at the largest river in your watershed. Fly backwards to the smaller streams and tributaries. What do you notice about the following as you move from the biggest river to the smallest: elevation, population, landforms?
 * Question 1:

Answer 1: Population:: the population is larger around the larger streams The purple and red are surrounded by dark blue which shows the largest of streams and the largest population. Elevation:: the smaller streams are around areas with higher elevation Landforms:: the majority of smaller streams are in forests, croplands/pasture areas. the larger streams are around urban areas.** mountains

How has our area changed between 1990 and 2009? Support your answer with screenshots from your computer. (use apple/shift/4)
 * Question 2:

Answer 2:

2009--streams

1990--streams ** the streams in our watershed appear to have had little visible change occured between 1990 and 2009.

2009--population

1990--population The population also appears to have little or no change as well.

2009--elevation

1990--elevation The watershed appears to have slightly higher elevations in some places.

Would it be better to use drainage divides instead of state boundaries to determine who owns water? Why or why not?**
 * Question 3:

I think It would be best to determine who owns water from state boundaries because if on of the states are super grumpy then they could put a dam or another form of a blockage in on their side so the water can't get to another state.**
 * Answer 3::

=Water PSA=

=Normal Climate=

Pocono Mountains

1 year of temperature Jan. 08-Dec. 08

4 years of temperature Jan. 04-Dec. 08

5 years of temperature Jan. 03- Dec. 08

1 year of precipitation Jan. 08-Dec. 08

5 years of precipitation Jan 03- Dec.08

December temperatures:

December 2003, 25 December 2004, 25 December 2005, 26 December 2006, 30 December 2007, 27 December 2008, 28

December Precipitation:

December 2003- 5.5 December 2004- 4.0 December 2005- 3.3 December 2006- 1.9 December 2007-5.0 December 2008- 6.5


 * Answer these questions:**
 * 1.** Do the two five-year graphs provide enough information for you to discover the "normal" temperature and precipitation levels for your region each December? Describe your reasoning.
 * kind of because the numbers all fall in about the same range so you would be able to tell whether or not it is close.


 * 2.** What other information could you use to characterize the climate?
 * temperature
 * precipitation

=Project Oh Buoy=
 * 3.** Choose another 5 year period from any other set of years. How do the temperature and rainfall vary between this time period versus the first one that you looked at?
 * there are only slight changes none are really noticable.

jessica justine Mary Wright Martha Keener

3. Will this year be an el nino year or a la nina year? Find the average temperature for the areas you looked at and then determine whether the temps at your buoys are above or below the normal. For how the SST influences weather patterns, use the following links:
 * el nino because the temperatures appear to be higher.
 * (averages)27.5, 28.6, 28, 21.7
 * the temperatures are above normal.

4. What weather predictions can you then make for this year?
 * we think it will be a warm wet year.

On your team page, place the graphs you created, whether the temperatures are above or below normal and whether it is an el nino or la nina year. Be sure to give temperature data, the differences in temperature that you see, and your reasoning for what type of winter we will have.

=Tracking Air Quality= activity 4
 * 1) What causes these pollutants?
 * 2) What health effects are caused by these pollutants?
 * 3) What can be done to reduce the amount of these pollutants indoors?
 * [|Asbestos]
 * 1) Cutting, sanding, or other remodeling activities.
 * 2) Can cause long-term risk of chest and abdominal cancers and lung disease.
 * 3) Best to leave undamaged asbestos material alone if it is not likely to be disturbed. Follow proper procedures in replacing wood stove door gaskets that may contain asbestos.
 * [|Biological Pollutants]
 * 1) Bacteria, molds, mildew, viruses, animal dander, cat saliva, house dust, mites, cockroaches, and pollen.
 * 2) Allergic reactions. Asthma. Influenza, measles, chicken pox.
 * 3) Ventilate the attic and crawl spaces to prevent moisture build-up. Keep house clean. Thoroughly clean and dry water-damaged carpets and building materials.
 * [|Carbon Monoxide] (CO)
 * 1) Gas water heaters, kerosene space heaters, charcoal grills, propane heaters and stoves, gasoline and diesel powered generators, cigarette smoke, propane-fueled forklifts, indoor tractor pulls, spray paint.
 * 2) (At low concentration) Fatigue in healthy people and chest pain in people with heart disease. (At high concentration) Impaired vision and coordination, headaches, dizziness, confusion, nausea. It can be fatal if it gets too high.
 * 3) Keep gas appliances properly adjusted. Use proper fuel in kerosene space heaters. Open flues when fireplaces are in use. Do not idle the car inside the garage.
 * [|Formaldehyde/Pressed Wood Products]
 * [|Lead] (Pb)
 * [|Nitrogen Dioxide] (NO2)
 * 1-Unvented combustion appliances- gas stoves- vented appliances with defective installations, welding, tobacco smoke
 * 2-Eye, nose, and throat, irritation, impaired lung function, increased respitory infection in young children. Large amounts of exposure= pulmonary edema, and diffuse long injury. if it continues- acute or chronic bronchitis. Low level exposure= increased bronchial reactivity in some asthmatics, decreased lung function in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
 * 3-you could eliminate gas stoves, kerosene heaters, or un-vented gas space heaters.
 * [|Pesticides]
 * 1-using it to kill household pests (insecticides, termiticides, and disinfectants) used on lawns and gardens that drift or ore tacked inside the house they are inherently toxic
 * 2-Irritation to eye, nose, and throat, damage to central nervous system and kidney, increased risk of cancer. Symptoms: headache, dizziness, muscular weakness, and nausea. Chronic exposure can result in damage to the liver, kidney's, endocrine and nervous systems.
 * 3-Select pesticide companies carefully, dispose of unwanted pesticides properly, and mix or dilute them outside.
 * [|Radon] (Rn)
 * 1-natural breakdown of uranium in soil, rock and water and gets into the air we breathe
 * 2-cancer causing natural radioactive gas, leading cause of lung cancer among non-smokers
 * 3-use a vent pipe system and fan this process pulls the radon from beneath your house and vents it to the outside
 * [|Respirable Particles]
 * [|Secondhand Smoke/ Environmental Tobacco Smoke]
 * 1- Tobacco Smoke and 2nd hand smoke
 * 2- increase in the number of asthma attacks, respiratory tract infections, Bronchitis, pneumonia, ear infections and severe asthma attacks
 * 3-Keep a smoke free house and car, if you must smoke go outside.
 * [|Stoves, Heaters, Fireplaces, and Chimneys]
 * 1-Particles, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, acid aerosois.
 * 2-carbon monoxide causes headaches, dizziness, weakness, nausea, confusion, disorientation, and for some increased chest pain. nitrogen dioxide irritates mucous membranes in the eye, nose, and throat, it also causes shortness of breath if exposed to high concentrations. particles irritate or damage lung tissue and causes cancer
 * 3-take special precautions, follow manufacturers directions, install and use exhaust fans, keep use to a bare minimum, use only as needed. have central air handling systems like furnaces. make sure chimney is not blocked, damages or leaking. follow all service and maintainence procedures.
 * [|Volatile Organic Compounds] (VOCs)
 * 1-paint, paint strippers, cleaning supplies, pesticides, building materials, furnishings, copiers, and printers
 * 2-They all have long and short term health effects. Eye, nose, and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, liver and kidney damage, problems with nervous system, and skin reaction.
 * 3-Increase ventalation, throw away the unused and old containers of the product. next time buy it in a smaller quantity, keep all exposure to a minimum.

=Activity 5=


 * What are the sources of indoor air pollution?
 * maganese
 * chromium (the most harmful form can cause cancer)
 * nickel (is also linked to cancer)


 * Where does particulate pollution come from?
 * it is found in the soil so elementary students can be exposed to it when playing in the dirt
 * it is also found in the air

=Junkyard powerpoint=

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