Classification

toc = = =Candy Classification=

As a group, determine the scientific name of each candy.


 * Homework:**

1. Why is it better to have only 2 choices at each step instead of more? 2. What problems did you encounter in using the dichotomous key? Be specific and discuss fully. 3. How did you resolve your problems in #2? 4. Do classification keys go from general to specific characteristics or from specific to general characteristics? Explain why. 5. What does the first and second part of the Latin name represent in the scientific name of the organism? 6. Research Carolus Linnaeus and his contribution to modern classification. 7. What is a dichotomous key? (define) 8. What is binomial nomenclature? (define) 9. Briefly describe how classification has changed before and after Linnaeus? 10. List the order of classification groups from Kingdom down to species.

=Leaf rubbing= Create a leaf rubbing using the leaf you collected outside. Add to your "poster" a biopoem, using the following format: Line 1: First name Line 2: Who is...(Descriptive words that describe you) Line 3: Who is brother or sister of... Line 4: Who loves...(three ideas or organisms) Line 5: Who feels...(three ideas ) Line 6: Who needs...(three ideas) Line 7: Who gives...(three ideas) Line 8: Who fears...(three ideas) Line 9: Who would like to see... Line 10: Who shares... Line 11: Who is... Line 12: Who is a resident of... Line 13: Last name

=Classify PA leaves= Now that you have experience with a dichotomous key and explored basic classification information, let's look at the classification of PA leaves.
 * 1) Take the leaves you collected from outside and look at the various characteristics you can use to classify them. You must classify all 20.
 * 2) **As a class**, create a flowchart that shows the different traits. Remember that each part must have two related but opposite choices.
 * 3) Write the flowchart on the whiteboard or use large white paper to record and be able to see in order to complete the team work below later. Work collaboratively as a class. Every person must be part of the process for you to be able to do the next step as a team and answer the homework questions next week as an individual.
 * 4) Keep dividing the categories using only two choices at a time until you have the 20 leaves by themselves at the bottom.
 * 5) You cannot use the same terms twice in your flowchart. For example, you can't use serrated margin and smooth margin more than once in the whole flowchart. If you start to do that, then that is a clue you should have that category higher in your flowchart.
 * 6) Here is an example: If we were to classify shoes, we would use the broadest category possible first. Perhaps we would use closed toe shoes and open toe shoes. In open toe shoes, we could choose flat soles or high heels.Maybe in close toe shoes we would use casual and dressy.The flowchart would look like this:
 * 7) [[image:classifyshoes.png width="488" height="216"]]
 * 8) Make sure the names of the leaves are by themselves at the bottom of the flowchart, the path that is followed to get to the leaf makes every choice logical, you do not use the same categories twice in the flowchart, etc.


 * Each team then does the following:**
 * 1) Create a dichotomous key (like the one you used to classify the candy above) to classify the PA leaves following the class flowchart.
 * 2) Write out your dichotomous key as a team on paper or a word document. Each team must place their dichotomous key on their team page. You can take a snapshot of your word document to put on the team page.
 * 3) Suggestions: You may find it necessary to alter the flowchart a little. That is okay, just be sure that the same two choices do not occur more than once in the same dichotomous key.
 * 4) Be sure that as you follow one leaf through your dichotomous key, all the choices are logical and match the characteristics of the leaf, and it ends with the name of the leaf.
 * 5) You may need to look at the leaves to check the characteristics or talk to the person who knows the leaf in your class.
 * 6) All the leaves that you class identified needs to be in the dichotomous key. Don't leave any out.
 * 7) Each group will make a dichotomous key that is different from the others. That is okay. Try to make the best and clearest dichotomous key as a group that you can.
 * 8) Do not put on your team page until you are done. It would be a good idea for more than one person to have a copy of your key. Another member can hand write it if you want or you can tae the word document you create and make sure everyone has a saved copy using a flash drive.
 * 9) We will peer review other teams' dichotomous key by taking sample leaves and using the dichotomous key to identify the leaf.

1. Were all the teams dichotomous keys the same? why or why not? 2. Is it possible that a dichotomous key may have to be changed in the future? why or why not? 3. Did you have to search for additional information about the PA trees in order to place them in the dichotomous key?
 * Homework (due Thursday 10/7):**

=Classifying animals= In order to understand how animals are classified, we must decide what questions have been asked about animals and their relationships to each other. Criteria for classifying and research:
 * embryology
 * homology
 * analogy
 * blood proteins/biochemistry
 * DNA/RNA
 * chromosome structure
 * adaptations
 * evolution
 * problems in classification (organisms that don't fit)
 * geologic evidence
 * behavior

In your group, research the item above you have been given. Describe what is involved in the process and provide one or more high quality examples showing how the above can be used in the classification of organisms. (For ex. Give an example of how homology between two organisms shows them to be classified closely together.) **Be sure to give your sources as well. Add your information to the google docs page here:**

5th pd. document: 7th pd. document:

=Survey of animal classification= Each group will receive jars of preserved organisms Ask how are these similar and different? Think in terms of classification. Be prepared to discuss what you have observed in your team. Identify the following for that **classification group**:
 * 1) Transport(external and internal)
 * 2) Nutrition
 * 3) Reproduction
 * 4) Responses to stimuli
 * 5) Adaptation
 * 6) Respiration
 * 7) Regulation
 * 8) General structure
 * 9) Place in food chain
 * 10) Background of the group - what they have in common, etc. Include interesting information about past history, places they are found, what they are used for economically, etc.
 * 11) Other organisms found in that group - include the most common organisms people would recognize (plus others)
 * 12) What "oddball" exists in that group that does not seem to fit in? Why is it classified here?
 * 13) Type of symmetry
 * 14) Example of extinct or endangered members of the group and reasons for extinction/endangerment - total of 6
 * 15) What is their importance to our lives, other organisms, or the planet.
 * 16) Any other additional facts
 * 17) All pictures must be copyright free and include the name of the owner of the pic (flickr creative commons), or the url where the pic is found (wikipedia).

Keep track of your progress, questions, and teacher recommendations of each step with this document: Rubric:

Animal classification categories

Resources to use:
Encyclopedia of Life Animal Diversity Web Earth's Endangered

=Create an organism=

Imagine that you have discovered a new species of animal, never before seen. Use Scratch to create the organism, describe its physical and behavioral characteristics, describe its habitat, and make up a name for it that would fit into the system of binomial nomenclature. Use your imagination when creating the species. You can use Scratch to draw the organism completely, draw a portion and add the rest of the picture from an image, or put two or more images together. Be sure to have a plan in mind first (the classification category that you are using and then a new animal that would fit it. You will take a snapshot of your final creation and use the picture and information of what you create to enter onto the wiki. A discussion will be created to create a conversation about the classification category.