Michele+B

=toc = =About Me= My name is Michele Burkett. This is my Science 4 Living page. I love animals. I have 2 dogs and 1 kitten. I guess my favorite class would be gym. I like to hang out with my friends, ride 4wheelers, and watch tv. I have been to Canada a few times. I am indecisive about what i am going to do after high school. I go to North Carolina every summer. My favorite food is pizza.

=Uses of the Allegheny Forest= -National Forest established in 1923; found in northwestern Pennsylvania -Area: over 500,000 acres -In the forest is the Kinzua Dam; creates the Allegheny Reservior -Due to high paraffin content PA crude's one of the best lubricating oils -Allegheny plateau known for black cherry, maple, and other hardwoods -Early 1800's: trees were cut for timber and to clear room for agriculture -1900's: deer and their predators were nearly eliminated from overhunting -1890-1930: wood chemical industry removed nearly every tree in the Allegheny Plateau -Due to low deer population the forest grew quickly -Older trees provide food for bears, bird nesting area, and filtered light for plants

-__Nature-Based Land Activities (top 3)__: day hiking, visiting a wilderness or primitive area, and visiting a farm or agricultural setting -__Viewing/Learning Activities (top 3)__: view/photograph natural scenery, visit nature centers, and sightseeing -__Developed-Setting Land Activities (top 3)__: walking for pleasure, family gathering, and picnicking -__Water-Based Activities (top 3)__: swimming in an outdoor pool, swimming in lakes/streams, and visit a beach -__Snow/Ice-Based Activities (top 3)__: snow/ice ice activities (any type), downhill skiing, and snowmobiling -People dislike windsurfing, surfing, and scuba diving the most out of all the other activities.

=Water Shortages:=

> List some of the ways that areas are coping with water shortages and making water available.
 * 1) Look at some of the articles on this site http://www.scientificamerican.com/report.cfm?id=water

[] -check sinks, facets, toilets, and meters for leaks -buying front load washing machines -low-flow showerhead and save water for plants -use a refrigerator/microwave to thaw foods instead of hot water -using a car wash saves water because the waste water go to water plants

=Topographic Map:=

questions:
1) Its important to know the drainage basin because it lets us know what is in the water and how the water got there. So, knowing the drainage basin is good for our health and it also advances our knowledge about how the world works. 2) Some buildings and living space around Cloe Lake are the Punxsutawney Municipal Airport, towns (Big Run, Punxsutawney, Mahaffey, Rossiter).

=Types of Pollution=

Activity A

 * Punxsutawney, PA (near):** Punxsutawney Boro Mun Auth (2 violations), Total Env Solutions Inc. STP East Side (Dubois) (13 violations), Dubois City STP (Dubois) (19 violations)


 * North Carolina:** Crosby Util Inc Cottonwood Bay (Knightdale) (6 violations), Cherokee Trout Farm (Cherokee) (6 violations), Mount Holly WWTP (Mount Holly) (5 violations)


 * Indiana:** Farmersburg Mine, Black Beauty (Farmersburg) (491 violations), Indianapolis Dpw (Indianapolis) (470 violations), Austin WWTP (Austin) (372 violations)


 * Alaska:** City of Unalaska (Unalaska) (329 violations), Bluff Properties Inc (Denali Park) (125 violations), US Coast Guard (Kodiak) (90 violations)


 * Hawaii:** Sand Island WWTP (Honolulu) (252 violations), Phnsy & Imf (Pearl Harbor) (73 violations), East Honolulu WWTF (Honolulu) (36 violations)


 * New Hampshire:** New Hampton Trout Hatchery (New Hampton) (179 violations), Town of Farmington (Farmington) (160 violations), Star Island Conference Center (Rye) (117 violations)


 * Questions:**

A common problem i found in these areas was waste water.
 * 1. What places did you look at and what were the pollution problems there?**

Common pollutants: waste water/sewage water
 * 2. Discuss in your group the various places you chose. What common pollutants/industries/problems exist among the area? You may need to discuss them as rural vs. city issues.**

non-point source (flows through the groundwater)
 * 3. Are these pollutants or problems point source or non-point source pollution problems?**

Activity B:

 * Questions:**

Hurts animals, habitats, and people. It happens when people don't properly dispose of their litter like plastic bottle, cigarette butts, paper, and everyday garbage.
 * 1. Why is this a problem? How did it happen?**

__Human health:__ glass/metal left on beaches, nets/fishing line get caught on boat propellers, and plastic sheets/bags block cooling intakes on boats __Aquatic organisms__: ropes, fishing nets, fishing line, etc. kill marine animals that ingest them; sea birds die from ingestion/entanglement __Organisms__: birds and animals ingest all kinds of human trash that usually kills them
 * 2. How is human health, aquatic organisms, and other organisms affected? Give an example of organisms affected and the problems it is causing.**

People need to recycle as much garbage as possible, stop littering, limit how much water we use, etc.
 * 3. What steps do you think need to happen in order to stop this from becoming a larger problem?**

Stop flushing pills down the toilet because it travels to the ocean, properly dispose of products, and conserve water.
 * 4. Our households are a major problem of pollution. Read the articles here and there. What should people do to reduce water pollution that affects all of our water?**

=Water Conservation=

**Questions:**
Kitchen, Laundry Room, Bathroom
 * 1. Area of the house**

10% (kitchen), 15-20% (laundry), 40% (Bathroom); use front-load washing machines, save bath water for the garden
 * 2. How much water is lost and some recommendations to prevent water loss.**

611/800 water saved; place dirty dishes in the dish washer instead of hand washing, keep pool cleaned in order to waste less water; __easy__: answering questions/matching and sorting the dishes __difficult__: sorting the laundry and cleaning the pool.
 * 3. How much water you saved the family and which conservation methods seemed to work the best. Which ones are easy to do and which are difficult?**

We use a dish washer instead of hand washing and use full washer loads.
 * 4. Do you use any of these conservation methods in your house?**

Take less time in the shower. **
 * 5. Does your family ask you to do any of these conservation methods (but you don't do them too often)?

=** Global Warming Questions (nouns): **=

1. What is global warming?
 * Global warming is the increase of the average temperature of Earth's near-surface air/oceans.
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Warming

2. How does the greenhouse effect affecting our climate/environment?
 * The greenhouse effect causes ice caps to melt, sea levels to rise, and weather patterns to change.
 * http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/

3. What role do humans play in global warming?
 * Humans cause global warming because of our ability to capture/use energy.
 * http://planetsave.com/blog/2009/02/02/how-humans-cause-global-warming/

4. Which countries contribute the most to global warming?
 * The top five countries are China, the U.S., Russia, India, and Japan.
 * http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/each-countrys-share-of-co2.html

5. Is the atmospheric/oceanic circulation changing due to global warming?
 * It's unsure but, possible because the atmospheric and oceanic currents are pushing heat from the tropics closer to the north/south poles.
 * http://www.koshland-science-museum.org/exhibitgcc/causes05.jsp

=Car Research Activity:= Research 2 cars and how their design features affect fuel economy. Discuss how aspects of the engine, body, and other components of the car could be modified to minimize the amount of fuel the car requires. Which features are more fuel efficient? Which are least fuel efficient?


 * 2010 Chevy Camaro** - engine: 6.2 L V8; 422 horsepower at 5000 rpm, 68.1 horsepower per L; weighs 3860 lbs.; Torque: 408 lb-ft at 4500 rpm; manual transmission

-17 mpg (city), 26 mpg (highway) -for light-road driving (highway) the engine runs on 4 cylinders - direct injection technology helps the engine deliver more power through increased efficiency, while maintaining fuel economy and lowering emissions -increase mpg rates -decrease its weight -Active Fuel Management (uses 4 cylinders on highway driving) -mpg rates, weight, horsepower
 * Affects on Fuel Economy**
 * How It Could Be Modified**
 * Fuel Efficient features:**
 * Less Fuel Efficient Features:**


 * 2010 Toyota Rav4** - engine: 3.5 L V6; 269 horsepower; Torque: 246 lb-ft; 5-speed automatic transmission

-24 mpg (city), 30 mpg (highway) -multi-point injection fuel system -increase mpg rates -create 6-speed -multi-point injection fuel system -mpg rates, weight, horsepower
 * Affects on Fuel Economy**
 * How It Could Be Modified**
 * Fuel Efficient features:**
 * Less Fuel Efficient features:**

-a V6 engine gets better gas mileage compared to a V8 engine because its not wasting the gas for more horsepower.
 * Compare: V6 and V8**

=Oil is more than energy=

--relate because the amount of oil created/distributed is based on political/economic issues --we get our oil from overseas 1. We should be buying oil here not overseas because our economy needs it. 2. We rely to much on other countries for oil that it could cause serious implications for our national security, economy, and environment. 3. The climate changes is causing major threats to the US and world security. 4. If we don't decrease our dependence on oil we'll be forced to look to other volatile countries and pose direct threats to our national security. 5. Our oil dependence is causing us to burn more oil which creates more greenhouse gas emissions and pollute the environment more. --I think we need to start focusing on our country because our economy is in danger just like our environment, so we need to use our own oil and find better ways to save it.
 * How is oil production/distribution as well as political and economic issues related?**
 * View this resource to see where we get our oil:** []
 * Write 5 statements that are concerns expressed in this article.**
 * What do you think? Research more information if needed to back up your statements.**

=Guitar Strings=

=Essay Topic Possibilities:=

1. Limit school to 4 days a week and add an hour and a half on to the school day 3. Lights: turn off lights during the day when the sun provides enough light in the room
 * 2. Use eco-friendly cleaning supplies (broom, rake, push mower, etc.)**
 * replace the zamboni with a mop & bucket (eco-friendly cleaning liquids)
 * mops, rags, and sponges are reusable and natural
 * replace leaf blower with a rake
 * use a broom instead of a vacuum
 * replace driving mower with non-powered push mower
 * use cleaning products that have no chemicals
 * instead of using air fresheners use plants to freshen the air
 * plants don't pollute the air and they also provide oxygen
 * use white vinegar in place of bleach
 * has the same cleaning and germ killing power as bleach
 * inexpensive
 * baking soda to scrub sinks and deodorize trash cans
 * switch to biodegradable or recycled trash bags
 * recycled ones are cheaper than biodegradable

=Eco Friendly Cleaning=

Our school, PAHS, is constantly using energy wasting and environment polluting cleaning supplies. There are many different alternative-cleaning supplies available that do not involve harsh chemicals or electricity. There is no reason why we have to use the zamboni scrubber when mops, rags, and sponges are reusable and available. Other products that can be replaced are the leaf blower and riding mower. Using a non-powered old fashion push mower would be less pollutant and cheaper, especially with gas prices today. We could switch are trash bags to ones that are biodegradable or even recyclable instead of adding more plastic to our planet.

We should switch from cleaning products that contain harmful chemicals to natural eco friendly ones. For instance, adding more plants to our school (maybe even have them donated) would freshen the air and provide oxygen unlike store bought air fresheners. Also, we can replace bleach with white vinegar because it is inexpensive and has the same cleaning and germ killing power as bleach does. We can use baking soda to scrub sinks or deodorize trashcans. Simple things like switching these environmentally harmful products can make all the difference in the world.

=Land in the US=

Arizona

> ** What are the top 5 commodities in your region? Are any of these the top 5 commodities nationally? If so, which ones? ** · ** Region ** : Cattle, sheep, hay, sugar beets, and potatoes · Northern states produce wheat; southern states produce citrus, rice, cotton, chili peppers, and onions · ** National ** : cattle
 * Regional questions: **
 * 1) ** What is the name of your region? ** Mountain Region
 * 2) ** What are the top commodities of the state you are researching? ** Agriculture: cattle, dairy products, lettuce, cotton, and hay;
 * 3) ** What landforms are part of the state? ** Mountains, valleys, deserts, plateaus, rivers, canyons, basin, lakes, and forests
 * 4) ** Describe the climate, population, largest cities, and any other factors that affect those that live or visit there. **
 * ** Climate: ** Desert, hot summers, mild winters, pine forests/mountain ranges have cooler weather than lower deserts
 * ** Population: ** 6,595,778
 * ** Largest Cities: ** Phoenix
 * ** Elevation: ** highest point – Humphreys Peak (12,637 ft); lowest point – Colorado River (70 ft)
 * 1) ** What unique commodities are found in your region? Why are they unique? ** Citrus because there are very few regions that have the ability to grow citrus fruits
 * Websites:**

· [] · [] · [] · [|food, land, and people resources.pdf] · [|state commodities chart.pdf]

=Land Stand Survey Results Paragraph= We need to stop destroying the wildlife to build more buildings. Our survival depends a lot on our wildlife. For example, we need the animals for food and the plants for food for us and the animal. If the animals in our world can't survive how are we going to. Approximately 95% of the 63 people who took the survey agree that land needs to be set aside for wildlife habitat.

=Tanzania information=


 * 1) ** Area (in square kilometers) ** – 945,203 km2
 * 2) ** Total population ** – 43,739,000
 * 3) ** Major cities and their populations ** – Dodoma (324,347), Dar es Salaam (2,497,940), Zanzibar (1,070,000), Mwanza (850,000)
 * 4) ** Per capita income ** - $550
 * 5) ** Percentage of people undernourished ** - 44% of the total population (22% of the children under age 5 are underweight)
 * 6) ** Natural resources ** – Hydropower potential, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel
 * 7) ** Major agricultural products ** – coffee, tea, cotton, cashews, sisal, cloves, and pyrethrum
 * 8) ** Soil type ** – 3% arable land
 * 9) ** Literacy rate ** – 67.8% of the population (Males: 79.4%, Females: 56.8%)
 * 10) ** Description of its climate (include temperature and precipitation patterns) ** – tropical climate; temp. (rarely falls under 68 degrees Fahrenheit); precipitation:
 * Analysis Section: **
 * 1) ** Summarize why hunger is such a problem in that country. Explore political, environmental, and social issues that are involved in the hunger problem, and describe at least two issues that have caused the hunger problem for that country. ** Two issues that have caused the hunger problem are poverty and limited food production due to lack of fertile soil.
 * 2) ** Summarize what efforts are being made to reduce the occurrence of hunger. ** Focus on nutrition, improve food consumption, and also improve food production.
 * 3) ** Research an organization that is providing aid to your country, and include a description of its work in your summary. ** World Food Programme has helped Tanzania’s hunger problem by adding to school meals, connecting farmers to markets, and has assisted 518,000 people through its development/relief programmes.

[] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] Tanzania_E.pdf []
 * Sources:**

Presentation:
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