inu

= = toc =Group members= AnthonyO EvanG

=Environmental Issues=

Middle America-AR,IA,KS,KY,MO,NE,TN,WV

• Water pollution • Ground water contamination • Manure mismanagement • Nutrient mismanagement
 * IOWA**

http://docs.google.com/gview?a=v&q=cache:qC1LnBdSMtoJ:pubs.aged.tamu.edu/jae/pdf/Vol33/33-02-34.pdf+environmental+issues+in+iowa&hl=en&gl=us

• Toxic waste from mining (ex. Copper, arsenic, cadmium, and zinc) • Logging is unorganized • Forest fires • Not enough nitrogen in the soil in apple orchids and other areas • Climate change Die to the climate getting warmer glaciers are melting, there once was 150 glaciers now there are 35
 * Montana**

eport2.cgc.maricopa.edu/published/j/.../upload.c-jcorley25-3n4.pptx


 * West Virginia**

• People are throwing away electronics (ex/ cell phones, compters) which contain dangerous chemicles (ex/chromium, zinc and nickel, flame retardent) which causes (water/soil pollution)

http://articles.directorym.com/E_Waste_Mistakes_West_Virginia-r1132238-West_Virginia.html

=Foul Water Lab=



We recovered 61.25% of our water. The sand/gravel filtration step lost the most water. Oil, Dirt, Cleaning Products, Human Waste, Toxic Waste, No it is not possible to retrieve 100% of the water because in one or more of the step it takes to clean it. You will lose some water.
 * 1. What percentage of water did you recover? (how much of your original sample?)**
 * 2. Which filtration step lost the most water? Why do you think so?**
 * 3. List substances from our homes and nature that must be cleaned from the water. List as many as your group can name.**
 * 4. Is it possible to retrieve 100% of water even if mostly clean water is filtered? Why or why not?**

=Water Activity A=

China uses the most water in Eastern Asia. It tells the countries that use the most water. It shows which countries use the most water each year. It is more bloated than other maps. China has 1295 in millions and they use 637 cubic km estimated per annum. Qatar has 1 million and they use under 3 centimtres per year over land. No, because many countries use just as much as the countries that have a higher population.
 * 1.Which countries are the largest consumers of water?Eastern Asia**
 * 2.How is this map different from other world maps? How is displaying the data this way better than a regular chart?it is more compact and bloated than all the other ones.**
 * 3.Do the countries that use the most water also have the largest populations? Do those that use the least have the least populations? Give two examples for each.That is a false statement because less amount of people can use just as much water as a greater population.**

=Water Sources=


 * What do we use water for:**
 * Drinking
 * Hygiene
 * Washing clothes, dishes, ect.
 * Swimming (pools,ect.)
 * Energy
 * Putting out Firers, ect.
 * Farming, ect.
 * Recreation
 * Mining
 * House hold things, ect.
 * Transportation
 * Cleaning agents, ect.
 * Cooling things, ect. (Power Plants)
 * Construction Pruposes
 * Make/Keep food
 * Clean thing (Cuts, ect.)


 * Large city:** Use some water for showering, that water can then be used as dish water, if the water does not look to bad, use it for other purposes. The other have of the water is used only as drinking water. After the water is used try to filter it as best as we can to reuse again for some things.
 * Small city:** We would have a little more water than in the bigger city but we would do just about the same thing a we would do above.
 * Suburbs:** We would have more water in the small city/town, so we would to the same above but we could spare some water for other small thing, or as spare water if we were to need it.
 * Rural areas:** In this area we could spare a lot more water but we would still save the water as long as we could.

=Water Sources Active B=


 * **How much water is found in each of these? Use the chart located on this site: @http://www.swivel.com/graphs/show/20068274 and determine how much water there is in all the places listed above if the total water on the Earth is 1,386,000,000 cubic kilometers.**

3.4781% of the Earths water is Fresh water 1.762% of the Fresh water is found frozen Ice caps & glaciers, groundwater, ground ice & permafrost, lakes, atmosphere, soil moisture, swamp water, rivers, biological water Rivers, Lakes, Groundwater It is a problem to humans and other organisms because the population of the world is going to double in the next few years and the water accessible to use is very little.
 * **What percent of the total water on Earth is fresh water?**
 * **What percent of the FRESH WATER is found frozen in ice?**
 * **What sources of fresh water are found on the surface of the Earth?**
 * **Which sources can humans most easily obtain their water?**
 * **To get an idea of the water we can actually use, look at this site: []**
 * Why is this a problem for the human population (and all the other organisms in the world?)**

=Water Source Active C= @http://serc.carleton.edu/images/eslabs/drought/water_cycle.v2.jpg

In the oceans a lot more water moves up and down than it does over lakes and the land, the higher the land the more land moves up and down. Precipitation, River runoff, groundwater flow It is not possible to run out of water but with the increasing population it is not possible to have enough water to supply every living thing that needs water. China, India, Europe. Yes, they have rivers and get rain but with the increase in the population they may not have enough water.
 * **List what you observe about the movement of water on the Earth and the amounts of water moving in any direction (The size of the arrow represents the amount of water that is moving. i.e. the larger the arrow, the more water moving that direction.)**
 * **What portions of the water cycle are available for humans to use?**
 * **The amount of water on the Earth has stayed the same, but our populations have been increasing rapidly. Is it possible to "run out of water." If not, why is there a problem.**
 * **Look at the map here @http://soils.usda.gov/use/worldsoils/mapindex/popden.htmland list the areas of the world that are the most populated. Are these areas of the world where there is a lot of water?**

=Water Source Active D=

watershed= is the area of land where all of the water that is under it or drains off of it goes into the same place. stream order= are used to define stream size based on a hierarchy of [|tributaries]. drainage basin= is an extent of land where [|water] from [|rain] or [|snow melt] drains downhill into a body of water, such as a [|river], [|lake], [|reservoir], [|estuary], [|wetland], [|sea] or [|ocean].


 * 1) Crumple several pieces of newspaper and place in the bottom of a pan to resemble hills and mountains. Tape into place using masking or duct tape. The area between the hills will represent valleys.
 * 2) Smooth out the wrinkles of a white plastic trash bag. This will represent the Earth's surface.
 * 3) Place an end of your pan on books to elevate.
 * 4) Cover the surface of the pan with the plastic, molding it around the hills you created. Excess plastic should hang off of all edges.
 * 5) Make a map of your landscape you created.
 * 6) Fill a spray bottle with water and food coloring. Lightly spray over your surface. Look for the following to occur: water that flows in a line (representing rivers or streams), water that pools in an area (representing ponds or lakes), and areas where water seems to flow either one direction or another (representing a drainage divide.) Add these areas to your map. Where a drainage divide occurs, draw arrows on your map to show the movement of water and which direction it flows.
 * 7) Wipe the water off of your model and switch your watershed model with someone else. Predict where the water will go on their model first and then test it out.
 * 8) **Question 1: What did you notice about the movement and pooling of water?**
 * The movement went down hill or into lower areas of land. The pooling of water happened when there was no place else for the water to go so it formed lakes or ponds.
 * 1) **Question 2: The following drainage patterns can exist in PA: dendritic, trellis, radial, and rectangular. Where in the state do they occur and why? (do a search for drainage patterns to understand what these terms mean)**
 * **dendritic=** form in homogenous landforms where the underlying bedrock has no structural control over where the water flows.
 * **trellis=** form in where the underlying bedrock where there is repeating weaker and stronger types of rock. It cuts down deeper into the weaker bedrock, and is characterized by nearly parallel streams that branch at higher angles.
 * **radial=** are characterized by flow of water outward from a central point, such as down a newly formed cinder volcano cone or an intrusive domes.
 * **rectangular=** are characterized by branching of tributaries at nearly right angles and tributaries which themselves exhibit right-angle bends in their channels. These usually form in jointed igneous bedrocks, horizontal sedimentary beds with well-developed jointing or intersecting fault.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ab/Map13.jpg



=Google Earth Questions=

The streams get smaller the more you go up them. The elevation differs up and down but for the most part it goes up because the water is flowing down hill. The landforms differ to from around the bigger stream you see big cities and as you go up the rivers the towns start to get smaller and the water is used less and less. Our area has changed some from 1990 to 2009 in some to many different ways. Here are the pictures that we have to show you.
 * **Question 1: Start at the largest river in your watershed. Fly backwards to the smaller streams and tributaries. What do you notice about the following as you move from the biggest river to the smallest: elevation, population, landforms?**
 * Your teacher will show you how to use historical imagery. **Question 2: How has our area changed between 1990 and 2009? Support your answer with screenshots from your computer. (use apple/shift/4)**



In some cases it would be better to use drainage divides instead of state boundaries to determine who owns what because it would settle wars and arguments. In other case using the drainage divides wouldn't work because in some places in the states there would not be a boundary because there is no river/creek. It also might start wars and arguments because one place may be bigger than and an other.
 * In some places, they are fighting over who owns water (think about the Great Lakes, Mississippi River, or Colorado River). **Question 3: Would it be better to use drainage divides instead of state boundaries to determine who owns water? Why or why not?**

=Cloe Lake=

It would be important to know the drainage basins of certain creek, streams, or rivers so we could tell were to build things (houses, roads, ect.). Also to tell how they change over the years and how the environment might change if the drainage basin changes. Bells Mills, Gas Wells, Farms, Punxsy, Big Run, Route 119, Houses found around cloe.
 * **Question 1: why would it be important to know the drainage basin of a certain creek, stream, or river?**
 * **Question 2: What are some of the buildings and living spaces found in and around the watershed?**

=Comic Life Water Conservation=

= =

=Normal Climate=





1. **Do the two five-year graphs provide enough information for you to discover the "normal" temperature and precipitation levels for your region each December? Describe your reasoning.** Yes, they do provide enough information for telling the normal temperature and precipitation levels but the more years you have you can better tell what the normal temperature and precipitation levels are.

2. **What other information could you use to characterize the climate?** Animal movement, plant life, rivers, tourism, crops

3. **Choose another 5 year period from any other set of years. How do the temperature and rainfall vary between this time period versus the first one that you looked at?** The rain fall has a little more than the 5 years the we picked but not buy much.

=Oh Buoy Project=









Will this year be an el nino year or a la nina year? Find the average temperature for the areas you looked at and then determine whether the temps at your buoys are above or below the normal. For how the SST influences weather patterns, use the following links:
 * Questions**
 * It will be a el nino year according to our graphs.

If you said that it was el nino based upon the SST for the buoys, use the link: []
 * It will be warmer in the northern states and colder in the sourthern states.

What weather predictions can you then make for this year? Use the following link: []
 * The predictions I can make this year is the it will be a el nino year. That means that we will have a warmer winter with a wet summer.

=Activity 4 indoor air pollution=


 * Pesticides**- a survey said that 75 percent of U.S. households use at least one pesticide. Pesticides are used to kill household pest and also on lawns and gardens. They are classed as semi-volatile organic compounds and include a varity of chemicals. There can be irritation to the eyes, nose, throat, damage to central nervous system and kidney. There is an increased risk of cancer. Some symptons may include headach, dizziness, muscular weakness, and nausea. Use strictly according to manufacturers directions, mix or dilute outdoors, apply in recommended quantities, increase ventilation.
 * Radon-** Radon is a cancer causing natural radioactive gas, you cant see it smell it or taste it. It is a leading cause of lung cancer among nonsmokers. It claims about 20,000 lives annually. To prevent vent out your house more.
 * Respirable Particles**- from Fireplaces, wood stoves, kerosene heaters. Irritation in the eyes, nose, and throat, respiratiory infections and bronchitis; lung cancer. To reduce exposure you should vent all furnaces to outdoors, choose properly sized woodstoves, and change filters on central heating and cooling systems.
 * Secondhand Smoking-** children exposure to second hand smoke is responsible for in crease In the number of asthma attacks, and respiratory tract infections. To reduce exposure smoke outside, smoke less or don’t smoke at all.
 * Stoves, Heaters, Fireplaces, and Chimneys-** They can produce carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and other harmful chemicals. Take special precautions when opertion fuel burning unvented space heaters. Use exhaust fans over gas cooking stoves and ranges,
 * Volatile organic compounds-** are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids, organic chemicals are widely used as ingredients in household products(such as paints, varnishes, and wax. Eye, nose, and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, damage to liver, kidney, and central nervous systems. Use household products according to manufacturers directions, Make sure tou have planty of fresh air when using products, keep out of reach of children and pets, never mix household care products unless directed on the label. Throw away partially full containers of old or uneeded chemicals safely

=Junkyard activity=

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