Caroline

= = =toc [|My Blog]= = = =About Me=

My name is Caroline and I am 14 years old and I am in 9th grade. My birthday is on July 12th and I have three older sisters and a cat named Stella. My favorite color is orange and teal blue. I like country music and my favorite movie is Twilight I and I also like to go golfing, swim, gymnastics, and drawing.



=**Cherry Tree**=
 * 1) **Name**-Cherry Tree
 * 2) **Scientific name-**//Prunus serotina//
 * 3) **Organism that infects tree-** Tent Caterpillers
 * 4) **Provides habitat or food for**-habitat for small animals and for for birds & bats.
 * 5) **Justify classification of tree to related trees - create classification scheme as a class, identify related species**
 * 6) **Commercial use of tree**-The wood form it is used to make some toys and furnature.
 * 7) **Twig characteristics-** Smooth redish brown
 * 8) **Where tree is found in the world (native to pa?)-** Spred all over the U.S.A. and native to PA
 * 9) **Draw or find a picture of a drawing of the leaf to show to the class.-**

=Devil's Club=


 * 1) **Name**-Devil's Club
 * 2) **Scientific name**-//Oplopanax horridum//
 * 3) **Organism that infects tree**-
 * 4) **Provides habitat or food for-**Marbled Murrelet
 * 5) **Justify classification of tree to related trees - create classification scheme as a class, identify related species**
 * 6) **Commercial use of tree** - charcoal used, for blue skin tattooing. The powdered inner bark was used as deodorant and as a dusting powder for babies tending to "diaper rash".
 * 7) **Twig characteristics**-thin, greenish brown color, with small thorns
 * 8) **Where tree is found in the world (native to pa?)**- Shrub native to the cool moist forests of western North America
 * 9) **Draw or find a picture of a drawing of the leaf to show to the class.**

http://www.oplin.org/tree/fact%20pages/cherry_black/cherry_black.html [] [] [] [] [] []
 * Information From:**

=Create an Organism=



Kallama
The animal species that I have discovered is called a Kallama, which is a llama with the head of a Koala. It's scientific name is glama cinereus, meaning it feeds it's young wiht milk and it is ash colored. A Kallama stands around 8ft. tall and has a long neck, which helps it eat the leaves off of a eycaluputs tree, and it weighs about 300lbs. They do not move very fast because eucalyptus leaves do not give them a lot of energy. They also like to stay up at night when it is cooler and sleep all day. You can find them in jungles all over Australia.

=Catalase Activity=



Biomolecules Assessment 1. As you can see from my charts, there is no sign of proteins in apples. In the chat for if fats are present you can see that most people agreed that there were fats present in the apples. In the simple sugars chart you can see that a majority of the people said that there was simple sugars in the apples. The data in the starch chart tell us that a little more that half of the people said that there was no starch in the apples.

2. Some of the biomolecules had the same catalase reactions. Some thing that i observed is that their was a variety of different answers about if starch, simple sugars, or fat was present in apples. I think think this was because some people had trouble deciding what color the food turned or made a mistake on how much of the substances you add.

=Web Quest=

A. 1. Heat affects the rate of reaction by speeding it up. 2. Surface area affects the rate of reaction mad it harder for the hydrochloric acid slow down because they cant move as much 3. Concentration affects the rate of reaction by a higher reaction B. 1. Proteins 2. The shape of an enzyme 3. When high temperatures or extreme pH values may affect the shape of an enzyme molecule 4. Without enzymes they do not fit together to make a bond. Simple sugars fit together when they are attracted to the enzymes. 5. 6. Because they have to fit together 7. It determines how it works. 8. After one bond is made then the molecules shift along the enzyme and a new sub unit can be attached 9. It changes the shape of the enzyme 10. C. 1. Hydrolysis is responsible for breaking down large molecules, dehydration is organic compounds are joined together by a chemical reactions. 2. D. 1. Proteins are made of amino acids 2. Dehydration synthesis 3. E. 1. The mouth, stomach and small intestine all help to break down carbohydrates. Enzymes in the mouth and small intestine help to break down carbohydrates to make glucose. Acidic gastric juices are secreted in the stomach. In the stomach, carbohydrate digestion continues until the environment becomes too acidic. Carbohydrates are broken down to glucose in the small intestine and then absorbed into the bloodstream. The pancreas detects an increase in glucose levels in the bloodstream and pumps insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin unlocks the cell's glucose channels so the muscles and cells can take up glucose through the open channels. Blood glucose level and switches off secretion of insulin. Glucose is burned up for energy in the body cells. F. 2. Fat digestion presents a special problem. Fats and other lipids do not dissolve in water; instead, they tend to congeal together into large masses. This separation of lipid and water reduces the effectiveness of fat-digesting enzymes, which are known as lipase. Without extra assistance, the lipases would not have access to most of the fat molecules, and fats would pass through the digestive tract without being digested. Using bile, a substance produced by the liver and stored by the gallbladder, solves the problem. Bile consists of molecules that have a dual nature. Half of the molecule is attracted to water, and the other half is attracted to fats. The bile molecules therefore place themselves in between the fat and water. This process is called emulsification. In the digestive tract, emulsification allows lipase to gain access to the fat molecules and thus aids digestion G. 3. A heart attack occurs when blood flow to a section of heart muscle becomes blocked. H. 1. Primary structure- Is sequence of a chain of amino acids 2. Secondary structure- Occurs when the sequence of amino acids 3. Tertiary structure- Occurs when certain attractions are present between alpha helices and pleated sheets 4. Quart Mary structure- is a protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain

=Photosynthesis= 1. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and other producers known as autotrophs convert the energy of sunlight into the energy stored in organic molecules like glucose. 2. Plants, Cyanobacteria, Euglena 3. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O //→// C6H12O6 + 6 O2 4. a. Water and carbon dioxide b. Glucose and oxygen c. solar energy 5 a The thylakoid is where photosynthesis occurs. b. epidermal c. chloroplast. 6. The stomata absorbs water and carbon and sends it to the plants parts where photosynthesis 7. Stroma- This surrounds the thylakoid and consists of connective tissues and blood vessels. 8. 9. 10. The light reactions 11. calvin cycle 12. Carbon dioxide is then captured and combined with the hydrogen to make carbohydrates. 13.

=Light Intensity=

Light intensity- Increases when photons that are hitting chlorophyll pigments rise Wavelength- controls how plant pigments absorb and process light energy. Pigment colors- any substance that absorbs light

Light intensity is important in photosynthesis because the more of it the more ATP and wavelength is important because if you have less of it you will have more ATP. In the simulation we learned that the wave length is the amount of energy and the shorter the wave length the more energy you will have. Also if you have a low wave length and the maximum light intensity the more ATP will be produced because ATP comes from energy.

=Analysis=

1. 5% sugar solution must be the correct amount of sugar because those balloons gave off the most carbon dioxide and the 10% and 3% sugar solutions did not give off hardly any carbon dioxide 2. Sugar and water is dependent and yeast is independent. 3. According to the experimental data the yeast prefers warm moist temperatures. 4. If you have too much sugar or not enough sugar your balloon did not rise very well but if you have the perfect amount of sugar like the 5% your balloon would rise. 5. The respiration that the yeast carries out is propionic acid because yeast is a bacteria.







=DNA Replication=

First the helicase pulls apart the double helix, which looks like a twisted ladder, by breaking the hydrogen bonds. Now the DNA is in the shape of a “Y”. Then each side of the original ladder becomes a template Polymerase adds to the strand of DNA and they are attached. Now making two new strands of DNA. This all happens in Interphase.

=Cell Portfolio=

=Genetic Variation= 1. Klinefelter Syndrome only occurs in males, they get this disorder from there mothers because they will get a Y from there father but two X chromosomes from there mother, giving them a total of 47 chromosomes. 2. Klineferlters Syndrome is found from and analysis of the persons chromosomes taken from a blood sample. 3. Only men can obtain this disorder. It affects 1 in 500 and 1 and 1,000 males. It is caused by genetic abnormalities. 4. Symptoms of Klinefelter syndrome are a less muscular body and grow very little or no facial hair, and will not be able to have children. 5. Most people that have this syndrome don’t know it until the hit puberty or try to have kids. But, it can also be diagnosed during a woman’s pregnancy. 6. Klinefelter syndrome is on the second level.