Pork+Chop

** Kelsey and Tori toc **
Tutorial Topic: Circulatory

= __**EXTERNAL ANATOMY:**__ = =Lateral View=



=Ventral View=



=Glossary #1:=
 * Dorsal**-back
 * Ventral**-front surfaces (chest, abdomen, shins, ect.)
 * Anterior**-front
 * Posterior**-back
 * Pectoral**-pertaining to the chest, thoracic
 * Pelvic**-pertaining to the pelvis
 * Head**-Upper part of the body (Eyes, ears, mouth)
 * Trunk**-center part that excludes the head and limbs (torso)
 * Thorax**-between the head and abdomen
 * Abdomen**-between thorax and pelvis
 * Medial**-situated closer to the middle of the body
 * Caudal**-near the tail; posterior end of the body
 * Cranial**-head; skull
 * Umbilical** **Cord**-cord connecting the embryo or fetus with the placenta of the mother; used to transport nourishment
 * Mammary** **Papillae**-the small nipples located on the stomach
 * Proximal** –Closer to the head
 * Distal**-Further from the head
 * Lateral**-pertaining to the side; further from the center
 * Left**-when facing north; the side that is facing west
 * Right**-when facing north; the side that is facing east

=Head View=





=Structures of the Female Pig=



=Structures of the Male Pig=



=Umbilical Cord=



=Legs and Arms=



=Glossary #2=
 * Pinnae**-the visible part of the ear that is outside of the head
 * Eye**-organ that allows the creature to see
 * Nictating membrane**-transparent third eyelid which can be drawn across the eye for protection and keeping the eye moist while still be able to see
 * Eyelids**-two folds of skin to cover the eye
 * Urogenital opening**-where waste products reproductive fluids are expelled from the body
 * Urogenital papillae**-allows pig to urinate
 * Anus-**excretory opening
 * Scrotal sacs**-sac of tissue that hangs below the penis and contains the testicles
 * Artery**-blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body
 * Vein**-blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart
 * Ankle**-a joint that bends the lower part of the back legs
 * Knee**-a hinged joint that bends the legs
 * Wrist**-a joint that bends the lower part of the front legs
 * Elbow**-a hinged joint that bends the front legs
 * Toes-**an appendage attached to the bottom of the foot

=Task #2 Questions:= 1. The purpose of the umbilical vein is that it supplies the fetus with nutrient-rich blood that is full of oxygen from the placenta. The umbilical artery gets rid of the deoxygenated nutrient-depleted blood from the fetus. The artery and the vein are important to keep the fetus healthy.

2. Both sexes have mammary papillae. For the female, they are used for when she has piglets of her own. The piglets will suck on the teats for the milk that she produces. For the male, there is no specific use, they are just there for show.

3. It has 14 mammary papillae.

4. In the fore limb of the pig, it has an elbow and a wrist just like that of a human. Also, in the hind limb it has an ankle an a knee which we also have. The knee bends the hind limb and the elbow bends the fore limb. The ankle supports the limbs just like that of a wrist. However in humans only our ankles support us. we walk on 2 legs while the pig walks on 4.

Resources: [] []

= __**MOUTH ANATOMY:**__ =

Task 3 =Glossary #1:=
 * Epiglottis**-a flap that covers the trachea during swallowing so that food does not enter the lungs
 * Glottis**-Middle part of the larynx where the vocal cords are located
 * Gullet**-the esophagus; path where food travels after leaving the mouth
 * Nasopharynx**-area near the upper throat that lies behind the nose
 * Soft** **palate**-muscular part of the roof of the mouth; located behind the hard palate
 * Hard** **palate**-the bony part of the roof of the mouth
 * Nare**-nostril; nasal septum for air passage
 * Tongue**-muscle anchored to the floor of the mouth
 * Taste** **buds**-tiny barrel shaped endings of the gustatory nerve located around the base of the tongue
 * Vestibule**-a space or cavity at the entrance to a tube (gullet)
 * Uvula**-soft tissue that dangles down from the soft palate over the back of the tongue

3. The epiglottis is the flap that covers the trachea during swallowing, the Gullet is the esophagus (tube food travels through). The Glottis is located in the throat area around the Gullet that goes down to the stomach. All of these organs are the beginning of the digestive system.

3. The tongue is used for swallowing food. It is a very important part of the digestive system. Taste buds are used for tasting. The taste buds in the anterior part of the tongue are used for salty tastes, the Posterior is for bitter tastes, the back sides are used for sour tastes.

4. Both jaws have teeth in the pig. They begin to erupt after about 20 days of age.

Resources: http://www.hps-online.com/ntongue.htm

Task 4: = __**SKINNING**__ = 1. The skin is about 4 mm. 2. Cutaneous maximus and connective tissue attaches skin to the body of the pig. 3.The function of the pig's skin is to protect the muscles.

Resources: []

= __**MUSCLES**__ =



=Glossary #1=
 * Joint**-location where two bones meet; allow movement and support
 * Extensor**-controlled lengthening of a muscle
 * Flexor**-Controlled shortening of a muscle
 * Origin**-point of attachment of a muscle that remains fixed during contraction
 * Insertion**-point of attachment of muscle to bone
 * Belly**-the underneath part of the muscle
 * Tendon**-tissue by which a muscle attaches to bone
 * Fascia**-flat band of tissue below skin that covers underlying tissues and separates them
 * Antagonistic** **pairs**-set of extensor and flexor muscles
 * Adductor**-movement towards the midline of the body
 * Abductor**- movement away from the midline of the body

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striated_muscle http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/569012/striated-muscle

=Abdominal Muscles=



=Circular Muscle=



=Antagonistic Pairs=



=Shoulder Control=



=Hip Muscles=



=Adductor Muscle=



=Abductor Muscle=



=Muscles Chart=

=Upper Digestive System=







=Lower Digestive System=

=Digestive Chart 1=

=Digestive Chart 2=

1. The liver is divided into five lobes, right lateral, right central, left central, left lateral, and caudate. 2. The relationship between the liver and the gall bladder is that the gall bladder holds bile that is excreted by the liver. 3. The three parts of the small intestine are duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum is where food is where the food breaksdown. The jejunum is the part of the small intestine that absorbs most of the nutrients. The ileum absorbs the rest of the nutrients that were not taken in, in the jejunum. 4. The difference between a human and a pig colon is that the pigs colon is mostly balled up while a humans is wove around the abdominal cavity.

=Respiratory System=



=Vocal Cords=

=Respiratory System Chart=
 * = **Structure** ||= ** Description ** ||= **Function** ||
 * = Trachea ||= made up of rings of cartilage ||= let air into in organism ||
 * = Bronchial tubes ||= two long tubes ||= lets air in and out of legs and separates the trachea from the the lungs ||
 * = Lobes of lungs ||= pink and firm ||= house the alveoli ||
 * = Epiglottis ||= flap of skin ||= covers the trachea when the pig swallows so that food does not enter ||
 * = Alveoli ||= air sacs, grouped like grapes ||= exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide ||

1. The right lung has four lobes. They are called apical, cardiac, diaphramatic, and intermediate. The left lung has three lobes. It does not have the intermediate lobe. 2. Our pig has two vocal cords.

=Circulatory System= =Dorsal:= =Ventral View:=

Cross Section: =Blood Flow:= 1. The left ventricle muscle mass is bigger because it pumps blood at a higher pressure. 2. The pulmonary artery is connect to the right ventricle, which is the lower-right chamber. 3. The aorta is connected to the left ventricle. 4. The aorta is the largest artery in the body that can still hold blood under the greatest pressure. 5. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood to the heart. Also, arteries carry oxygenated blood, while veins carry de-oxygenated blood.

=Vessels and Target Area Chart= =Excretory System=
 * ** Vessel ** || ** Target Area ** ||
 * Carotid || head and neck ||
 * Subclavian || head and arms ||
 * Brachiacephalic || right arm, head, and neck ||
 * Thoracic || chest and breasts ||
 * Mesenteric || large intestine, part of the rectum ||
 * Renal || kidneys ||
 * Genital || kidneys and reproductive organs ||
 * Iliac || walls of pelvis, buttock, reproductive organs, and medial thigh ||
 * Femoral || thigh ||
 * Pulmonary || lungs ||
 * Coronary || deep into the heart ||
 * Jugular || head ||
 * Umbilical || umbilical cord ||
 * Hepatic || liver, part of stomach, part of small intestine, and pancreas ||
 * Innominate || right arm, head, and neck. ||



=Female Urogenital System= =Male urogenital System=

=Kidney=

=Urogenital Glossary= Kidney-produce urine Urinary Bladder-collects urine from kidney before excretion Ureter-transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder Urethra-transport urine from the urinary bladder to the outside Ovary-secrete hormones and hold eggs Oviduct-transports eggs from the ovaries to the outside of the body Uterus-holds the fetus Uterine horn-where the fetus develops, allows more than one fetus to develop Cervix-connects the uterus to the vagina Birth Canal-allows the fetus to be born Testis-produce sperm and hormones Vas deferens-transport sperm from epididymis Epididymis-holds sperm Seminal Vesicles-secretes fluid that will turn into semen Prostrate-secretes semen Scrotum-to keep the temperature of the testis lower than the rest of the body Cortex-outermost layer to hold the kidney Medulla-maintains salt and water balance of the blood

1. The reproductive system and the excretory system are studied together because many parts of the body used for reproduction are also used to excrete waste. 2. The main purpose is to control the fluid balance inside the body. 3. The main purpose of the reproductive system is to ensure the survival of species. 4.The liquids go from the stomach to the kidneys and down through the ureters. Then it goes down to the urethra and out the body. 5. First the eggs are stored in the ovaries, then they travel up through the fallopian tubes, down through the uterus and cerivx, and out the vagina. 6. First the sperm is created in the testis. It travels through the Epididymus into the vas deferens. It then travels into the urethra and finally out of the penis. 7. The terms listed in 1 and 4 are from the excretory system. 8. The terms listed in 2 and 3 belong to the reproductive system. 9.The glands are star-shaped and they release hormones. This gland belongs to the reproductive system.