Megan+E

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=About me=

Hey guys! This is my Science for Living page! As you can see, I need to tell you some things about me! Well, I'm 16 years old and not getting any younger! HaHa!! I LOVE to go riding on my Polaris (Sportsman) 500 on our 12 acer land, plus some //(NOT) SECRET// places! In about 5-10 years, I hope to be on my way to a career in Architecture! I have 2 dumb dogs named Mack (Boston Terrier), and Roxy (Boxer). How you can tell that they are stupid is that when playing, they turn around and smack thier heads against the wall, chase lasers into wall, and hit themselves with STICKS!!!!! I love school, reading, drawing, swimming and espesicaly making everyone laugh! Well these are some things that make ME - ME!! If you want to know me better or just talk cause I am great at listening to other people (like thier problems). **//It's OK, just let it all out!!//** Bye for now, MEGAN E!!!!!!!!!

=Uses of the Allegheny National Forest:=

• It is near Warren, PA • The forest covers about 512,998 acres • It was first established in 1923 • The Allegheny Reservoir came after the Kinzua Dam was built • Marienville, and Bradford have the two ranger stations • The worlds first oil well is 40 miles from the center of this forest • It has made a production of 17% of crude oil in the state of Pennsylvania • The tree’s in this forest mainly have black cherry, maple and other hardwoods, • Wolves and cougars are what mainly kept the deer population at a manageable level. • Native American burned the understory to help grow better berry and oak trees and better travel for hunting. • Years after the European setters came, they built a portable steam engines that made milling easier and they could cut around 10,000 ft of wood per day. • After the Americans began to settle down and make homes, the demand for lumber rose and the mills began to cut around 100,000 ft of wood per day. • By the 1990’s, the PA Game commission had to take action for overhunting of deer and big game. • The federal Government bought some of this land when the U.S. congress passed the Weeks Act to help establish National Forests. • Since the heavy use of logging and milling, the late 1890’s and early 1930’s left bare land where many trees had been before.

=Participation Charts:=

Nature Based Land Activities-
Day Hiking: All Ages #; 912,948 All Ages %; 35.4 Visit a wilderness or primitive area: All Ages #; 883,010 All Ages %; 34.2 Visit a farm or agricultural setting: All Ages #; 831,852 All Ages %; 32.3

Viewing/Learning Activities:
View/Photography natural scenery: All Ages #; 1,721,083 All Ages %; 66.7 Visit nature centers, etc.: All Ages #; 1,546,613 All Ages %; 60.0 Sightseeing: All Ages #; 1,491,000 All Ages %; 57.8

Developed Setting Land Activities:
Walk for pleasure: All Ages #; 2,247,512 All Ages %; 87.2 Family Gathering: All Ages #; 1,995,959 All Ages %; 77.4 Picnicking: All Ages #; 1,688,061 All Ages %; 65.5

Water Based Activities:
Swimming in an outdoor pool: All Ages #; 1,290,469 All Ages %; 50.0 Swimming in lakes, streams, etc..: All Ages #; 1,267,808 All Ages %; 49.2 Visit a beach: All Ages #; 1,210,838 All Ages %; 47.0

Snow/Ice Based Activities:
Any Type: All Ages #; 981,036 All Ages %; 38.0 Downhill skiing: All Ages #; 251,796 All Ages %; 9.8 Snowmobiling: All Ages #; 230,128 All Ages %; 8.9

=Water Shortages:=

> List some of the ways that areas are coping with water shortages and making water available.
 * Individual work: Place this on your Individual page and and label "water shortages" (use heading 1)**
 * 1) Look at some of the articles on this site http://www.scientificamerican.com/report.cfm?id=water
 * Washing dishes in a dishwasher only uses less than 10 gal. of water per load while washing by hand uses +20 gal. per load.
 * Washing your car in at a car wash uses only like 30-40 gal. while washing it in your yard uses 80-140 gal. of water per wash.

=Topographic map:= Use the topographic map to determine the drainage basin for Cloe Lake. Follow your teacher's instructions. **Question 1: why would it be important to know the drainage basin of a certain creek, stream, or river? Question 2: What are some of the buildings and living spaces found in and around the watershed?**

Answers:
1) because if something got into the river system and we needed to find where the river/stream/etc.. went to, you could find it, or where the water came from to find the source of the disturbance 2) Some places that are by Cloe Lake are major and minor roadways, Punxsutawney Municipal Airport, small towns (Big Run, Punxsy, Mahaffey, etc...)

=Answers to Global Warming Question Nouns:=

1. What happens to a **region** when the **climate** changes rapidly over a long period of **time**?
 * Precipitation from the central equatorial Pacific regions are increasing from the average CO2 levels.
 * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VG5-3T0TFD0-C&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1125565830&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=7d508d418cab57ebde6b8751ade4deaa

2. Is the climate becoming more extreme or variable?
 * Gases from the burning or fossil fuels are making the Ozone Layer thinner and the Earths temperature is rising above past records.
 * http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/basicinfo.html

3. Will climate change benefit some areas?
 * No, not really. Most of the areas that are being hit the hardest are the poorest countries around that rely on natural resources.
 * http://www.nature.org/initiatives/climatechange/issues/

4. How much CO2 is being released into the environment/ atmosphere?
 * Since 1995-2005, there has been a rise of 1.9 ppm per year. This has been at record highs for at least 650,000 years.
 * http://www.commondreams.org/headlines07/0203-03.htm

5.What living organisms are being affected by Global Warming.
 * Most of the organisms that are being affected live in the north/cold weather, such as the polar bears, polar birds, types of frogs, butterflies, and ocean coral.
 * http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/11/061128-global-warming.html

=Oil is More Than Energy:=

How is oil production/distribution as well as political and economic issues related?
 * The issues are related because oil is the major shipping product in the world. So when we buy the oil, we owe other countries that maybe hostile and then war breaks out for the oil and the land it comes from. Causing the government to take effect and people who are getting elected or running are promising to take care of the oil depletion.

5 concerns over the distribution over oil:
 * One concern is over the one billion dollars that the United States is giving to other countries for their oil, when we could be using that money toward good use for the American home.
 * In 2008, we imported 435 million barrels of oil from Venezuela alone, and we are importing oil from places that sometimes aren't all so giving up on their oil (anti-Americans).
 * More than 54 oil workers/ business people are being kidnapped in Nigeria, and in Iraq the U.S. troops are in constant danger.
 * In 2008, the U.S. consumed at least 23% of the worlds petroleum, and 57% of that was imported.
 * As our dependence on other countries for oil, our need will grow till the U.S. will look to more hostile countries to get that oil which is a major threat to our national security.
 * The "hostile or dangerous" countries alone have released 640.7 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.

Life Jackets-


=Essay Topics:=

1) Transportation- have more kids per bus, because most buses are less than half full coming and going from school. Also bus routes are starting to overlap one another and there are not many kids on those buses anyway.

2) Lights- lets turn lights off or at least leave half of the lights off when not in the room and reduce noise and heat with less lights.

3) Laptops- the only class that we ever use our laptops are in science/biology/chemistry/etc...and in english class when we're doing essays. The rest of the day we play games when we're bored in Study Hall and in Activity Period. So lets go back to the old ways. Also people are not charging the laptops at home so they charge them during class and waste energy for a computer that they're not gonna use for the rest of the day.

Laptops & Computers:


1) http://dssw.co.uk/research/computer_energy_consumption.html According to this study, computer and laptop monitors in an office building are using 40% - 60% of energy. When the monitors are left on during non-use or at night, it drains the power of the computer/laptop and the building up to 75% of the week. While it is on idle and coming/going somewhere, the computer/laptop uses 30% - 40% of energy, then you have to charge it up again if needed.

2) http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2008/04/revisiting-how-much-power-does-my-laptop-really-use.html In this website, it claims that when computers/laptops are off and the battery is charging, it uses 54w. When it is off/not charging or off/sleeping, no energy is used. While the the desktop is idle and it is on, the computer/laptop uses 20w of energy. The screen brightness is also an energy waster with a mox of 7 it uses 20w and at 0-4, the laptop uses 17w of energy. Most people play movies on the bus or in study hall when they're bored, the DVD drive uses 20w - 33w per use.

3) http://www.cryer.co.uk/brian/misc/how_much_electricity.htm (Both charts are from this page.)
 * ~ Rating ||~ kw/hour ||~ kwh/day ||~ kwh/week ||~ kwh/4 weeks ||~ kwh/year ||
 * 1 watt || 0.001 || 0.024 || 0.168 || 0.672 || 8.76 ||
 * 5 watts || 0.005 || 0.12 || 0.84 || 3.36 || 43.8 ||
 * 10 watts || 0.01 || 0.24 || 1.68 || 6.72 || 87.6 ||
 * 20 watts || 0.02 || 0.48 || 3.36 || 13.44 || 175.2 ||
 * 50 watts || 0.05 || 1.2 || 8.4 || 33.6 || 438 ||
 * 100 watts || 0.1 || 2.4 || 16.8 || 67.2 || 876 ||
 * 200 watts || 0.2 || 4.8 || 33.6 || 134.4 || 1752 ||
 * 1 kw || 1 || 24 || 168 || 672 || 8760 ||

(approx) ||||~ kwh per year (approx) || (average) || 1400 || 4205 ||
 * ~ Device ||~ Watts
 * ^  ||^   ||~ on 8 hours/day ||~ on 24 hours/day ||
 * mechanical time switch || 2 watts (or less) || 6 || 17 ||
 * laptop || on || 80 watts (average) || 234 || 700 ||
 * ^  || off, battery charging/charged || 45 watts || 131 || 394 ||
 * video recorder || on standby || 4 watts || 12 || 35 ||
 * ^  || playing || 17 watts || 50 || 149 ||
 * crt tv 21" || on standby || 3 watts || 9 || 27 ||
 * ^  || on || 44 watts || 128 || 385 ||
 * cable set-top box || 13 watts || 38 || 113 ||
 * 20watt energy saver bulb || 20 watts || 58 || 175 ||
 * 100watt light bulb || 100 watts || 292 || 876 ||
 * Dell 20" LCD monitor || on || 49 watts || 143 || 429 ||
 * ^  || standby (on but pc off) || 5 watts || 15 || 44 ||
 * 14" LCD monitor (unbranded) || on || 18 watts || 53 || 158 ||
 * ^  || standby || 1 watt || 3 || 9 ||
 * 2 kw fan heater || 2000 watts || 5840 || 17520 ||
 * 3 kw fan heater || 3000 watts || 8760 || 26280 ||
 * HP Laser Jet 4 (laser) printer. || printing || 800 watts || 2336 || 7008 ||
 * ^  || standby || 46 watts || 134 || 403 ||
 * HP Color LaserJet CP3505dn (laser) printer. || printing || 480 watts
 * ^  || standby || 11 watts || 32 || 96 ||

The Wastes on Laptops:
Some say that these laptops are a great resource to our school, that we should use our resources wisely. Well the matter of the fact is that most of our teachers don’t even have assignments for us to do. If we have no real use for the laptops, then why do we have them. Most students, they work on them in science class and barely English, only when essays are needed. So we are wasting battery power and the schools energy by having the laptops on when they’re not even going to be used all day long. This is much simpler with the lost/stolen/broken computer problem, knowing that it’s charged, and that we’re saving energy by shutting them down after every period or at the end of everyday.

In the average business office, the energy that is used is 40%-60% per day! Monitors are left on using more power and when the battery goes down in the laptop, kids plug them in even when they’re not needed. They best way is to shut the computers down when not in use. This is because even when it’s on idle, the laptop is using 30%-40% of energy. The use of DVD’s are also a big problem with wasting energy by the computer using 20w–33w of energy per DVD or CD. So the idea for PAHS is to go back to the way things were before with the laptop carts.

= Land Use in the US - Region 2 - Nevada: =

1. What is the name of your region? · Nevada/Region 2/Mountain Region

2. What are the top commodities of the state you are researching? · [] ·  · ** Top Commodities, Exports, and Counties ** thousand $ ** || ** Percent of state total farm receipts ** || ** Percent of US value ** ||
 * ** Top 5 agriculture commodities, 2008 ** ||
 * || ** Value of receipts
 * 1. Cattle and calves || 185,168 || 32.4 || 0.4 ||
 * 2. Hay || 182,874 || 32.0 || 2.5 ||
 * 3. Dairy products || 93,457 || 16.3 || 0.3 ||
 * 4. Onions || 31,616 || 5.5 || 4.1 ||
 * 5. Potatoes || 16,389 || 2.9 || 0.4 ||
 * All commodities || 572,110 ||  || 0.2 ||
 * All commodities || 572,110 ||  || 0.2 ||

million $** ||
 * **Top 5 agriculture exports, estimates, FY 2008** ||
 * || **Rank among states** || **Value
 * 1. Seeds || 7 || 31.2 ||
 * 2. Vegetables and preparations || 25 || 13.0 ||
 * 3. Wheat and products || 43 || 5.4 ||
 * 4. Feeds and fodders || 42 || 4.1 ||
 * 5. Live animals and meat || 43 || 1.7 ||
 * Overall rank || 47 || 57.1 ||
 * Overall rank || 47 || 57.1 ||

3. What landforms are part of the state? · [] · The Great Basin, Colorado River (13,000 feet in the southwest), and Boundary Peak (the highest point in Nevada) 4. Describe the climate, population, largest cities, and any other factors that affect those that live or visit there. · [] · Las Vegas is the largest city · A population of over 1,998,257 people (2000 Census) · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada · 7th largest state · covers the Mojave Desert and the Great Basin · around 86% of the land is owned by the government

5. What are the top 5 commodities in your region? Are any of these the top 5 commodities nationally? If so, which ones? · Live Stock/cattle & calves — nationally · Hay · Dairy Products · Onions · Potatoes

6. What unique commodities are found in your region? Why are they unique? · [] · It has the largest export of gold than the entire U.S.

Land Essay:
In this world today, we have become more lazy in how our world has looked and become. We should do more to save our planet by using the land properly. Using the land properly like having more National Forests instead of cities building closer to rural areas and bulldozing trees, buying land and then destroying it, and even building new roads covering the earth. Having more National Forests can help protect many more species of animals and keep land safe from the government taking it over to build new buildings.

=Using Plants As Medicine:=

1. How many U.S. prescription medicines come from plants? 2. What disease did the sailors suffer from? 3. What did the cedar bark contain that saved the sailors? 4. How long have people been using plants for medicinal purposes? 5. How many species of plants are endangered? 6. What is causing plants to become endangered? 7. Summarize the reasons why biodiversity is important.
 * http://www.nps.gov/plants/MEDICINAL/plants.htm
 * 175 plants are made into prescription medicines.
 * scurvy
 * Vitamin C
 * The written record dates back 5,000 years by the Sumerians, and Ancient Egyptian medicine also used plants from over 1,000 B.C..
 * http://plants.usda.gov/java/threat?txtparm=&category=sciname&familycategory=all&duration=all&growthhabit=all&wetland=all&statefed=all&sort=sciname&submit.x=35&submit.y=9
 * 5694 plants have become endangered
 * Farm land, cities, roads, etc...
 * http://www.globalissues.org/issue/169/biodiversity
 * Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, all have an important role to play.

Facts:
General Gentaian -


 * Gentian is mostly found in Asia, Europe, and the Americas while other species are found in northwest Africa, eastern Australia, and New Zealand.
 * This plant is used for medical products mostly into a tonic liquor like Suze and other/similar types of liquors.
 * The use of it was made to flavor drinks (bitters and the soft drink "Moxie"), used to make Suze and also used in the Italian brewery to flavor the beer Del Borgo made.
 * The petals of this flower are trumpet-shaped and are usually a deep blue or an azure color.

Gentiana Casesbaei -


 * It was commonly named Elliot's Gentain, American Gentain, or Bottle Gentian.
 * mostly native to North America.
 * It grows in the swampy area's of Virginia and Florida.
 * Blooms in the late fall of September all the way to December.
 * The Catawba American Indians would soak the flower's root in water and it would then help cure and sooth sore backs.

=World Hunger:=