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=toc Group Members=

Megan E Michele B

=Foul Water Lab:=

Questions:
1)What percentage of water did you recover(how much of your original sample?) We have about 17% of the original water after we filtered it.

2)Which filtration step lost the most water? Why do you think so? When we removed the oil for the filtration we lost about 47% of the water and the oil.

3)List substances from our homes and nature that must be cleaned from the water. List as many as your group can name. sewer, dirt, grass, rust, iron, calcium, some minerals and bacteria, oil, gas,

4)Is it possible to retrieve 100% of water even if mostly clean water is filtered? Why or why not? No it is not possible because even if you do filter it, some of the water would be absorbed into the filter and or be evaporated when heated for destroying bacteria.

=Water Sources: a= =Activity A:= 1) India is the largest consumer of water China is the second United States is the third.

2) The map is different than other world maps because it is more of a rounded estimate. The data is displayed better because its easier to read and it still very detail; the different colors make it easier too.

3) Yes the countries with larger populations use more water: India has 1050 million and is the most consumer; China has 1295 million and is the second largert; Angola: 13 million one of the least consumers; Gabon 1 million one of the least consumers.

Activity B
How does the amount of water today compare with that of the past or the future? Create a chart to list all the places water is located using the following headings: Fresh water, Salt water, Locked water

Answer the following questions:
 * 1) How much water is found in each of these? Use the chart located on this site: @http://www.swivel.com/graphs/show/20068274 and determine how much water there is in all the places listed above if the total water on the Earth is 1,386,000,000 cubic kilometers
 * 1) What percent of the total water on Earth is fresh water? 3.4781%
 * 2) What percent of the FRESH WATER is found frozen in ice? 1.762%
 * 3) What sources of fresh water are found on the surface of the Earth? Lakes, Rivers, Swamps
 * 4) Which sources can humans most easily obtain their water? biological water, lakes, rivers
 * 5) To get an idea of the water we can actually use, look at this site: [] Why is this a problem for the human population (and all the other organisms in the world?) Because most of the percent of water is salt water.

**Activity C:**

 * 1) List what you observe about the movement of water on the Earth and the amounts of water moving in any direction (The size of the arrow represents the amount of water that is moving. i.e. the larger the arrow, the more water moving that direction.) -larger water sources cause larger water movement -small sources of water run off toward larger water sources
 * 2) What portions of the water cycle are available for humans to use? Precipitation
 * 3) The amount of water on the Earth has stayed the same, but our populations have been increasing rapidly. Is it possible to "run out of water." If not, why is there a problem. No, but our population is getting too large, so there will be people who wont have water.
 * 4) Look at the map here @http://soils.usda.gov/use/worldsoils/mapindex/popden.htmland list the areas of the world that are the most populated. Are these areas of the world where there is a lot of water? China and India. Some parts are really close to the ocean, so the other parts have to travel further to find water.

=Water Sources: b=

Water uses:
- Swimming - car wash - gardening/farming - factory use (products) - washing (clothes and dishes) - mining - lumbering - air conditioning - electricity production - hydroelectric power -domestic animal use

Competing Activities:
Large city: air conditioning vs. factory use; dining out vs. eating at home

Small city: car washing vs. washing (clothes and dishes); fish tanks vs. refrigerators

Suburbs: gardening vs. electricity production; sprinklers vs. showering

Rural areas: mining/lumbering vs. domestic animal use; farming vs. swimming

=Activity D:= Watershed- an indicator of how water flows from one point to another in both surface and underground water sources. Stream Order- to find the size of a water source by the size of the tributaries Drainage Basin- the area of land that shows how water or snow come from a high water source like a mountain and flow down hill toward a major river, lake, or ocean

=Google Earth and Our Watershed:=

**Questions:**

 * 1. Start at the largest river in your watershed. Fly backwards to the smaller streams and tributaries. What do you notice about the following as you move from the biggest river to the smallest: elevation, population, landforms?**
 * Elevation:** The largest river is in the lowest elevation and the smallest rivers are coming from the higher elevations (Appalachian Mountains)
 * Population:** There are more people near the largest river compared to the smallest ones.
 * Landforms:** The farmland is around the smaller rivers and the forests are around the largest river.

In 1990 there was more forests and grassland areas than in 2009.
 * 2.** **How has our area changed between 1990 and 2009? Support your answer with screenshots from your computer. (use apple/shift/4)**



It's more beneficiary to use the drainage divides because the states can each have their own half of the water (split it down the middle) instead of fighting over who owns the water.
 * 3.** **Would it be better to use drainage divides instead of state boundaries to determine who owns water? Why or why not?**

Water PSA:


=Normal Climate=

Southeastern Piedmont






1. **Do the two five-year graphs provide enough information for you to discover the "normal" temperature and precipitation levels for your region each December? Describe your reasoning.**
 * Answer these questions:**
 * Yes because there are multiple years of information to back it up with.

2. **What other information could you use to characterize the climate?**
 * The highs and lows of the temperature and how the precipitation can change it each year.

3. **Choose another 5 year period from any other set of years. How do the temperature and rainfall vary between this time period versus the first one that you looked at?**
 * From 1996 - 2000 it is more of a normal/average climate than from 2004 - 2008

Project Oh Buoy!




This year is going to be an El Nino year because the temperatures are higher than the average temperature. The average temp. is approximately 28.0 degrees C and the temperatures range from 28.0 to 31.0 degrees C.

We predict that this winter there will be less snow than the average winter.

** 12 Pollutants: **
¨ **Asbestos** o ** What causes these pollutants? ** materials for insulation and fire-retardant o ** What health effects are caused by these pollutants? ** chest and abdominal cancers and lung diseases o ** What can be done to reduce the amount of these pollutants indoors? ** It’s best to leave the undamaged asbestos material alone.

¨ **Biological Pollutants** o ** What causes these pollutants? ** mold, dust mites, pet dander, droppings/body parts from cockroaches, rodents/pests, viruses, and bacteria o ** What health effects are caused by these pollutants? ** allergic reactions (hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic rhinitis, and some types of asthma), infectious illnesses (flu, measles, and chicken pox), certain symptoms (sneezing, watery eyes, coughing, shortness of breath, dizziness, and fever) o ** What can be done to reduce the amount of these pollutants indoors? ** good housekeeping and maintenance of heating/air conditioning equipment

¨ **Carbon Monoxide (CO)** o ** What causes these pollutants? ** unvented kerosene/gas space heaters, leaking chimneys/furnaces, gas water heaters, wood stoves, fireplaces, gas stoves, generators, automobile exhausts, and tobacco smoke o ** What health effects are caused by these pollutants? ** fatigue, chest pains for people with heart disease, impaired vision/coordination, headaches, dizziness, confusion, and nausea o ** What can be done to reduce the amount of these pollutants indoors? ** keep gas appliances properly adjusted, use proper fuel in kerosene space heaters, and don’t idle the car inside the garage

¨ **Formaldehyde/Pressed Wood Products** o ** What causes these pollutants? ** hardwood plywood wall paneling, particleboard, fiberboard, urea-formaldehyde foam insulation, tobacco smoke, durable press drapes, and glue o ** What health effects are caused by these pollutants? ** burning sensations in the eyes and throat, nausea, difficulty breathing, trigger asthma attacks, and cancer o ** What can be done to reduce the amount of these pollutants indoors? ** use exterior-grade pressed wood products, air conditioning/dehumidifiers, and increase ventilation

¨ **Lead (Pb)** o ** What causes these pollutants? ** lead-based paint, contaminated soil, dust and drinking water o ** What health effects are caused by these pollutants? ** convulsions, coma, death, and fetuses/young children: delays in physical/mental development, lower IQ levels, shortened attention spans, and increased behavioral problems o ** What can be done to reduce the amount of these pollutants indoors? ** keep areas where children play as dust-free/clean as possible, leave lead-based paint undisturbed, don’t remove lead paint yourself, and eat a balanced diet (rich in calcium and iron)

¨ **Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)** o ** What causes these pollutants? ** kerosene heaters, un-vented gas stoves/heaters, and environmental tobacco smoke o ** What health effects are caused by these pollutants? ** eyes/nose/throat irritation, impaired lung function, and increased respiratory infection in young o ** What can be done to reduce the amount of these pollutants indoors? ** keep gas appliances properly adjusted, use proper fuel in kerosene space heaters, install/use an exhaust fan vented to outdoors over gas stoves, open flues when fireplaces are in use, and don’t idle the car in the garage

1. Pesticides 2. Radon(Rn) 3. Respirable Particles 4. Secondhand Smoke/ Environmental Tobacco Smoke 5. Stoves, Heaters, Fireplaces, and Chimneys 6. Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) Questions: · What causes these pollutants? · What health effects are caused by these pollutants? · What can be done to reduce the amount of these pollutants indoors? Answers: 1) · · Some health effects are Irritation to they eye, nose, and throat areas. Internal organ damage. Risk of getting cancer. · Mix these chemicals outdoors, use in recommended quantities, don’t store unneeded pesticides inside the house…etc. 2) · · It causes cancer to turn up in lungs(Lung Cancer) · Test your house for Radon because you can see, smell, or taste this chemical. 3) · Building a fire in your living room, build up in the chimneys, and cooking on a wood/natural gas/or electric stove. · Irritation of the eyes, nose and throat areas, infections in the lungs or getting bronchitis. · Make sure that chimney is clear of any debris and build up, change filters regularly in heating and cooling systems…etc. 4) · Sitting by a person who is smoking or in a room that people to smoke, and by the smoke coming off of a burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar while this is inhaled by non-smokers. · Causes major Lung Cancer, and heart disease · 5) · Burning wood in fireplace, cooking and heating · Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide · Use stove fan to vent outdoors, keep wood stove emissions to a minimum. 6) · The organic compounds are of compounds emitted from certain solids and/or liquids. · Eye, nose, throat irritation, headaches, coordination loss, nausea…etc. · Increase ventilation when using products that emit VOC’s, provide fresh air…etc.

Activity 5:
1) Some sources of indoor air pollution are the ventilation systems (heating & cooling), bus exhaust, floor cleaner, chemical labs, pesticides, stoves (deep fryer). 2) Particulate pollution comes from dust, acids, organic chemicals, metals, and soil.

=Junkyard Presentation=

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