Canadian+Baconator

=Canadian Baconator= toc By Alexis and Ashley

=~External~Glossary!=

Lateral View

 * Dorsal - back
 * Ventral - belly
 * Anterior - front
 * Posterior - rear
 * Pectoral - chest
 * Pelvic - pelvis (hip area)
 * Head - upper part of the body joined to the trunk by the neck
 * Trunk - body excluding head and limbs
 * Thorax - between neck and abdomen containing ribs heart and lungs etc.

Ventral View

 * Abdomen - belly (between thorax and pelvis)
 * Medial - situated in the middle/ dividing an animal into a left and right side
 * Caudal - tail
 * Umbilical Cord - cord connecting the embryo to the mother so it can receive food
 * Mammary Papillae - nipple
 * Cranial- head

Some Other Words :)

 * Proximal - closest to the point of attachment
 * Distal - farthest away from the point of attachment
 * Lateral - side
 * Left - opposite of right; left side when facing the same direction
 * Right - opposite of left; right side when facing the same direction

Head

 * Pinnae- external Ears
 * eye- located under the eyelid is used by the pig for sight
 * Nictitating Membrane- a third lid like structure
 * Eyelids-protects the eye

Female Pig

 * Urogenital Opening-where waste and reproductive fluids are released
 * Urogenital papillae-organ that allows the female to give milk to it's young
 * anus-releases waste

Male Pig

 * Urogenital opening-where waste and reproductive fluids are released
 * scrotal sacs-where the male DNA is stored

Umbilical cord

 * artery-blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
 * vein-blood vessels that carry blood to the heart

Pig Legs

 * ankle-joint where the foot and leg meet
 * knee-joint that joins the thigh with the leg
 * wrist-joint that joins the hand to the arm
 * elbow-joint that joins the shoulder and the wrist
 * toe-is used for walking (hooves, or digits)

=Research Questions=

1.) Research and discuss the function of the umbilical veins and arteries (distinguish between the two). The veins in the umbilical cord are to carry blood to the heart and the arteries are to carry blood away from the heart. Having a vein and 2 arteries allow the pig to get blood to the umbilical cord and to carry the blood away once it has been used. This makes the umbilical cord functional 2.) Do both sexes have mammary papillae? Yes both sexes do have mammary papillae. This is because all mammals have them, both male and female. Only females have an actual use for them, which is to produce milk to feed to the young. The mammary papillae is part of the mammary gland which is one distinctive organ which makes a mammal a mammal. 3.) How many mammary papillae are present in the fetal pig? There are 10 mammary papillae present in the fetal pig. 4.) Compare and contrast the fore limb and the hind limb of the pig to the fore limb and hind limb of the human. Include presence of joints and the movement of the limbs in your description. The fore limb and hind limbs of pigs and humans are similar in some ways yet different in others. For instance, the toe/finger of the pig is a hoof an cannot be used to pick up objects where as the human can pick up things with its toes/fingers because the toes/finger contains joints. Humans joints also have more range of motion unlike the pigs. The pig uses its limbs for mainly walking/running humans however, don't have to us their arms to move places.

=Mouth Dissection Picture= ==

Mouth Dissection Glossary

 * epiglottis-thin catilaginous structure that covers the glottis during swallowing
 * glottis-opening at the upper part of the larynx, between the vocal cords
 * gullet-the esophagus; tube that leads to the stomach
 * nasopharnyx-part of the pharynx behind and above the soft palate
 * soft palate-the roof of the mouth
 * hard palate-roof of the mouth
 * nare-nostril
 * tongue-used for eating, tasting; located at the bottom of the mouth
 * taste buds-are used to taste; connected to the top of the tongue
 * vestibule-any cavity that leads to another cavity
 * uvula-small fleshy cone-liked thing that faces downward from the middle of the soft palate

Mouth Dissection Questions
1.) The glottis, gullet and epiglottis are located very close to each other. Explain the relationship between the structure and the opening. The glottis, gullet and epiglottis are located close to each other. They all are tiny holes with big jobs. The glottis leads to the trachea, which is how air gets in your lungs. The gullet leads the stomach which is how food gets digested. The epiglottis covers the glottis so that food and water cannot enter the trachea and get to the lungs.

2.) Discuss the tongue and the location of the taste buds. A picture and labels needs to be included. The tongue is used to swallow food and to taste the food. It can taste the food through the use of taste buds. The taste buds are a bunch of little dots on the tongue that take the taste out of the food so that we can taste it. They can taste sweet, sour, spicy, and spicy.

3.) Which jaw (s) have teeth in the pig? When do the teeth start erupting? Both jaws have teeth in the pig. We found out these teeth are very sharp and they start coming through when the pig is still fetal.
 * Structure || Description || Function ||
 * Parotid Gland || circular bump || creates saliva and enzymes ||
 * Submazillary Gland || a chewed piece of gum || produces saliva that breaks down starches in food ||
 * Wharton's Duct || a tiny tube || tube the saliva runs through to enter the mouth ||

= Skinning the Pig=

Skinning Questions
1. How thick is the skin? about as thick as 2 pieces of card-stock paper 2. What attaches the skin to the body of the pig? the cutaneus maximus muscle 3. Discuss the functions of the pig's skin. The pigs skin is used for protecting the internal muscles, organs, and veins.

=Muscles= Abdominal Muscles

Circular Muscle Antagonistic pair of muscles in the front leg

Shoulder

Hip abductor muscle (hind leg)

Adductor muscle
 * Muscle Type || Description || Function || Example ||
 * Cardiac || looks like bacon with pepper on it || is used to surround the heart and power the heart || Heart ||
 * Smooth || having the same consistancy || regulate air and blood movement || inside of a hollow organ (stomach) ||
 * Striated || marked with striae; striped; streaked || controls movement || skeletal muscles ||

Muscle Glossary
Joint-the place where two things are joined to allow motion Extensor-muscle that extends or straightens a part of the body Flexor-muscle that flexes or bends a part of the body Origin-the place the muscle starts Insertion- where the muscle goes to Belly-the front or under part of a vertibrate body from the breastbone to the pelvis. The "tummy" Tendon-cord of white tough inelastic fibrous tissue that connects a muscle with a bone Fascia-connective tissue that keeps internal organs or other parts of the body together Antagonistic pairs- when one flexes the other relaxes Adductor-any muscle that moves toward the axis of the body Abductor-any muscle that moves away from the axis of the body


 * ~ Muscle ||~ Origin ||~ Insertion ||~ Function ||
 * Vastus Medialis "tear drop muscle" || Head of the Femur || patella || extends knee ||
 * Gastrocnemius || Distal end of femur || inserts upon heel bone || extensor of the ankle ||
 * Tensor Fasciae || rises from the crest of the ilium || tibia || flexes the hip and extends the knee ||
 * Spinodeltoid || Spine of Scapula || Proximal end of the humerus || Raises humerus ||
 * Acromiodeltoid || Scapula || Proximal end of the humerus || Raises humerus ||
 * Tricep Brachii, long head || proximal end of the humerus || olecranon process of the ulna || extends forelimb at elbow ||
 * Brachiocephalic || back of skull || humerus || Moves forelimb anteriorly ||
 * Circular Muscle || skull || jaw || helps move jaw ||
 * Transversus || lower rib and lumbar vertebrae || along linea alba by and aponeurosis || helps pregnant women deliver their child and compresses the ribs ||
 * Internal Oblique || lower back || ribs || rotates and bends trunk ||
 * External Oblique || posterior ribs || an aponeurosis along the mid ventral service || extends caudally and ventrally in a oblique direction across the abdominal surface ||
 * Extensor Carpi Radialis || distal portion of the humerus and proximal to the radius and ulna || upon the digits on medicarpal bones || extensor of the foot ||

=Digestive System= = =

[[image:chart_of_the_digestive_system_with_descriptions_and_functions.png]]

 * Structure || Description || Function ||
 * Mucosa || moist tissue || lines the organs and releases mucus ||
 * Villi || finger like projections || increase intestinal absorptive surface area ||
 * Lumen || inside space of a tubular structure || allows blood and air to flow ||
 * Rugae || a fold or crease as in the lining of the stomach || allows stomach to have increased area for food ||
 * Meconium || the early tar like poop of an infant || helps detect if babies were exposed to alcohol during pregnancy ||

Questions: 5. How many lobes does the liver have? The liver has 5 lobes 6. What is the relationship between the liver and the gall bladder? The gall bladder stores bile produced by the liver to digest fat.

=Respiratory= = =





Questions
4. How many lobes make up each lung?- The right lung has 3 lobes and the left lung has 2 lobes. These lobes are called the superior lobe, the inferior lobe, and the middle lobe. The left lung does not have the middle lobe. 5. How many vocal cords did you see inside the larynx? Check with two other groups and compare the number of vocal cords visible.- We saw 2 vocal cords and the two groups we asked also saw 2 vocal cords.

=Circulatory=

Pictures
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Questions
Which ventricle has the greatest muscle mass? Left Ventricle To what chamber is the pulmonary artery connected? Right Ventricle To what chamber is the aorta connected to? Left Ventricle What is the largest artery in the body and contains blood under the greatest pressure? Aorta What is the difference between an artery and a vein? An artery carries blood away from the heart and a vein carries blood to the heart.

Charts
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=Urogenital System=

Pictures




Glossary
Kidney-to produce urine, hormones, regulate electrolytes, acid base balance, and blood pressure Urinary Bladder-collects urine from the kidneys and holds it until it is excreted ureter- its a muscular tube that transfers urine from the kidneys to bladder urethera- a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the outside ovary-female reproductive gland oviduct-passage from the ovaries to the outside of the body uterus-a female reproductive where the fetus develops during pregnancy uterine horn- place where uterine tube meets the uterus cervix- lower narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina birth canal-the canal where the baby comes out of testis-the male reproductive organ vas deferens-they transport sperm epididymis-tube that connects the efferent ducts to the vas deferens seminal vesicles-secrete semen prostate-stores and secretes semen scrotum- skin and muscle containing testicles cortex-where ultrafiltration occurs medulla-maintains salt and water balance

Questions
6. Why are reproductive and excretory systems studied together? because they are connected 7. What is the main purpose of the excretory system? to get rid of waste from the body 8. What is the main purpose of the reproductive system? to reproduce 9. Trace the path of liquid waste through the body of the pig to the external environment. 10. Trace the path of the eggs through the female reproductive system. 11. Trace the path of the sperm through the male reproductive system. 12. What system do the terms listed in #1 and #4 belong to? 13. What system do the terms in #2 and 3 belong to? 14. The adrenal gland is closely associated with the kidney. Describe, state the gland's function and list the system that the gland belongs to.
 * 1) 1 and 4 belong to the excretory system.
 * 1) 2 and 3 belong to the reproductive system.