MarthaK

=toc About Me=

I am Martha. I enjoy spending time with my family, especially my nephew. Some of my favorite things to do are ride four wheelers, play paint ball, watch races, and go mudding. I also like to go for drives with friends to just talk and take trips. My favorite food is stuffed peppers.

=Uses of the Allegheny Forest=

Question #1
 * Oil and Gas
 * Hardwoods (black cherry, maple)
 * Fishing
 * Hiking
 * Snowmobiling
 * Hunting
 * Logging

Question #2

-//Total Population//
-//Hispanic Males// -//Hispanic Females// -//White Males// -//White Females// -//Black Males// //-Black Females// -//Native American Males// -//Native American Females// -//Asian & Pacific Islander Males// //-Asian & Pacific Islander Females// = = =**Water Shortages**=
 * Nature-Based Land Activites**
 * Day Hiking
 * Visit a Wilderness or Primitive Area
 * Visit a Farm or Agricultural Setting
 * Viewing/Learning Activities**
 * View/Photograph Natural Scenery
 * View Nature Centers, etc.
 * Sightseeing
 * Developed-Setting Land Activities**
 * Walk for Pleasure
 * Family Gathering
 * Picnicking
 * Water-Based Activities**
 * Swimming in an Outdoor Pool
 * Swimming in lakes, streams, etc.
 * Visit a Beach
 * Snow/Ice-Based Activities**
 * Snow/Ice Activities
 * Downhill Skiing
 * Snowmobiling
 * Day Hiking
 * Visit Nature Centers, etc.
 * Family Gathering
 * Visit a Beach
 * Snow/Ice Activities
 * Day Hiking
 * Visit Nature Centers, etc.
 * Walk For Pleasure
 * Swimming in an Outdoor Pool
 * Snow/Ice Activities
 * Visit a Wilderness or Primitive Area
 * View/Photograph Natural Scenery
 * Walk For Pleasure
 * Swimming In Lakes, Streams, etc.
 * Snow/Ice Activities
 * Visit a Farm or Agricultural Setting
 * View/Photograph Natural Scenery
 * Walk for Pleasure
 * Swimming In An Outdoor Pool
 * Snow/Ice Activities
 * Visit a Wilderness or Primitive Area
 * Visit Nature Centers, etc.
 * Walk For Pleasure
 * Visit a Beach
 * Snow/Ice Activities
 * Visit a Farm or Agricultural Setting
 * View/Photograph Natural Scenery
 * Walk for Pleasure
 * Swimming In an Outdoor Pool
 * Snow/Ice Activities
 * Primitive Camping
 * View/Photograph Natural Scenery
 * Walk for Pleasure
 * Visit a Beach
 * Snow/Ice Activities
 * Day Hiking
 * View/Photograph Natural Scenery
 * Walk for Pleasure
 * Visit a Beach
 * Snow/Ice Activities
 * Day Hiking
 * View/Photograph Natural Scenery
 * Walk For Pleasure
 * Swimming in an Outdoor Pool
 * Snow/Ice Activities
 * Day Hiking
 * View/Photograph Natural Scenery
 * Walk for Pleasure
 * Visit a Beach
 * Snow/Ice Activities
 * In some places, like New Delhi, they only give you a fresh water supply for an hour.
 * Get your car washed professionally instead of at home.
 * You should check your pipes for leaks.
 * Use the refrigerator or microwave to thaw things out instead of water.
 * Install a water recycling system.

=Types Of Pollution (Activity A)= What places did you look at and what were the pollution problems there?
 * Ingleside STP, Johnstown (PA)- Sewage
 * Elkland Borough WWTP, Elkland (PA)- Sewage
 * Allakaket Village Council, Allakaket (Alaska)- Sewage
 * Waikiki Aquarium, Honolulu (Hawaii)- Gardens (fertilizer)
 * Zapata County Waterwork, Zapata (Texas)- Sewage
 * Intertrade Holdings, Inc., Copperhill (Tennessee)- Chemicals

Discuss in your group the various places you chose. What common pollutants/industries/problems exist among the area? You may need to discuss them as rural vs. city issues.
 * The most common issue is sewage problems.

Are these pollutants or problems point source or non-point source pollution problems?
 * Sewage- __Point Source__
 * Fertilizer- __Non-Point Source__
 * Chemicals- __Point Source__

=Types of Pollution (Activity B)= Why is this a problem? How did it happen? How is human health, aquatic organisms, and other organisms affected? Give an example of the organisms affected and the problems it is causing. What steps do you think need to happen in order to stop this from becoming a larger problem? What should people do to reduce water pollution that affects all of our water?
 * This is a problem because many of the organisms will eat the trash that is on the ground and that will make them die off faster which will affect the way the human population lives. It happened from people not recycling and the garbage getting into water which carries it other places.
 * Humans and other organisms are affected by the things they eat. If an organsim eats trash then it will affect it. That organism gets eatten by another which affects that organism. Some organisms are fish which when we eat them adds more mercury to our system.
 * There needs to be a lot more recycling.
 * Correctly dispose of hazardous household products.
 * Use nontoxic household products when possible.
 * Recycle and dispose of all trash properly.
 * Conserve water.
 * Use natural fertilizers.
 * Don't flush drugs down the toilet.

=Types of Pollution (Activity C)=
 * How does the polarity of water make it essential to living things?
 * 1) It can dissolve many solutions essential to the organisms.
 * 2) It repells nonpolar compounds.

(In general, it plays a common rule in chemical reactions)

=Oh Buoy (Questions)= 1921- **1.2**°, 1931- **1.1**°, 1934- **1.2**°, 1938- **0.9**°, 1939- **0.8**°, 1953- **0.9**°, 1990- **0.9**°, 1998- **1.2**°, 1999- **0.9**°, 2006- **1.1**° http://manyeyes.alphaworks.ibm.com/manyeyes
 * What were the temperatures of the hottest years? (Deg. in C)

The amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere is 0.04%. The amount of carbon dioxide changes through out the growing seasons. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
 * What are the carbon dioxide levels for Earth?

July 21, 1983 it was recorded to be −89.2°C (−128.6°F) in Antarctica at the Russian Vostok Station. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page The United States was ranked to have the third coldest day based on preliminary data that showed in was 4.0°F lower than it's average temperature of 50.8°F. http://wattsupwiththat.com/
 * What were the temperatures of the coldest years?

=Individual Car Activity=



=Oil Is More Than Energy=
 * In 2008, the United States imported 4 million barrels of oil a day from "dangerous or unstable" countries.
 * Venezuela is one of the top five oil exporters to the U.S.
 * The U.S. consumed 23% of the worlds petroleum in 2008.
 * The Pentagon is including climate change as a security threat in its 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review.
 * Passing clean-energy and pollution reduction legislation will be affordable and even save consumers money while creating a net of 1.7 million jobs.


 * I believe it would be okay to use oil if we did not depend on it so much. I think we should find other sources of energy besides for just oil. With the oil not being located in our country, it can be taken away from us at any time. I think we should try finding other energy resources before its too late.

=Products of Petroleum (CD's and DVD's)=

=Essay Topics= Energy star qualified compact fluorescent light bulbs use 75% less energy and last about 10 times longer. If every American in the US replaced on light bulb with one of those ones, it would save enough energy to light 3 million homes for a year. http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&pgw_code=LB Lower temp. on water heater. Hang clothes out to dry http://www.ehow.com/how_2082819_conserve-energy.html Participate in Earth day--- a day where they have you turn your lights off for an hour to help conserve energy. Computers-- use Energy Star computers, they go into "deep sleep" when not being used. More than $1 billion a year is wasted on electricity because of computer monitors that are turned on when they shouldn't be. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1960428 Chargers (cell phone, computer, etc.)-- charging devices consume energy when left idle but plugged into an outlet http://www.itworld.com/green-it/58062/mobile-phone-chargers-are-energy-vampires
 * Turn off appliances when they are not in use.

=Essay= Energy is a major contribution to our pollution today. Using petroleum products for energy lowers our resources. We use gas in the cars and buses that we use to travel back and forth, many classes leave their lights on all day, and all of us tend to leave objects plugged in when they do not need to be. Carpooling is one way that can lower the usage of gasoline and pollution. According to Colorado Pollution Prevention, if 100 people carpool then they can prevent 1,320 pounds of carbon monoxide from being released into the air for one year. That also prevents 2,376,000 pounds of carbon dioxide too! Little cars, ones with 1.6liter engines, create 200 grams of carbon dioxide for every half mile. ([]) Can you imagine how much pollution our buses release? They emit 3,000 tons of cancer-causing soot and 95,000 tons of smog-causing compounds each year. ([]) I believe we should think of a way to cut down on pollution that is cause when vehicles are being used especially buses since they are used five days a week, 180 days a year. We could also consider cutting down the bus routes so they are not running as much. However gas isn’t the only thing we use that causes pollution and uses energy, so we may need to cut back on other things too. Another source of energy we use is electric. Many of the teachers in school leave ALL the lights on when they don’t need to be on. I have a few suggestions such as: try having only half of your lights on, use the outside source of light— either by going outside for class or simply pulling up your blind, or maybe switching to light bulbs that help you save energy such as Energy Star qualified light bulbs. If you use an Energy Star fluorescent light bulb, it will use 75% less energy and last up to about 10 times longer! ([]) Did you know if every house in the US changed one light bulb in their house to an Energy Star light bulb that it could save enough energy to light 3 million homes for a year? Imagine how much energy schools could save if they switched their light bulbs! Another thing we could try is participating in Earth day. Many schools already do, however, mine does not. Also, we leave a lot of things plugged in that are not in use. I’m 100% sure my phone charger is still plugged in at home and its not being used. We do it everywhere. Teachers leave televisions, computer carts, white boards, etc. plugged in all night and all day. I wonder how much electricity that eats up. There are other various things that could help with conserving energy and that we need to watch out for. Our laptops, which were provided by the school, are not used very often yet. However, when they are, our batteries do not last very long and students tend to leave their computers on after they use them. I think we should enforce students to shut down their computers instead of letting them lie around and die. Also, we should look into getting better batteries for these computers. Other things we could do at school are encourage people to recycle better. Possibly turn it into a spirit point kind of competition. There are plenty of other improvements we could make to our school for saving energy. We shouldn’t just do one thing, we should try a few to make a larger impact. I believe it would save a lot of money in the long run and help out in the future.
 * Don't waste heat. Open a door when it gets too hot in a class instead of windows.
 * Use blinds to keep heat from the sun out and to keep the coldness out that creeps around the windows.

=California=

1. Region name? - Pacific West or Pacific Coastal Area ([] ) 2. Top Commodities? - Milk and cream - Grapes - Nursery Products - Lettuce - Cattle and Calves - Hay - Flowers and Foliage - Strawberries - Tomatoes - Almonds ([]) 3. Landforms? - Giant redwood trees of the northwest - Beaches - Rocky cliffs and foothills of Coastal Mountains - Central Valley - Sierra Nevada Mountains (Mt. Whitney) - Klamath Mountains - Cascade Mountains - Mojave Desert - Colorado Desert - Death Valley - Colorado River - Sacramento River - San Joaquin River ([]) 4. Affect - population: estimated at 38,292,687 ([]) - Largest Cities— Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Long Beach, Fresno, Sacramento, Oakland, Santa Ana, Anaheim ([] ) - Air pollution, Water pollution, solid waste, and toxic and hazardous waste. ([]) - Much of the state has Mediterranean climate. ([]) 5. Top Five Commodities? Any Nationally? - Milk - Cattle - Wheat - Potatoes - Grass Seed Yes, milk, wheat, cattle, and grass seed are nationally. 6. Unique commodities found in region? Why unique? - The Dungeness Crab. Can’t be found in every area due to its habitat.

=The Land Stand Survey Paragraph= I believe that we should focus on the city sprawling and pollution that is happening. When there is city sprawling, it causes harm to the "country" areas. More and more people are forced out of homes to make room for new buildings or new roads. Also, cities are a leading cause of pollution. They have entirely too many power plants. I think we should limit the sprawling and the pollution as much as possible.

=Hunger In The World- Burundi=

Burundi— __Total Area__- 27830 km __Water Area__- 2180 km __Land Area__- 25650 km __Population__- 206.1 persons per sq. km __Major cities__- Bubanza: 12728 (2004) Muyinga: 71076 Ngozi: 21506 __Per Capita Income__- 160 __Undernourished__- 70% of people 1.6 million are dependent on food aid __Natural Resources__- nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium, arable land, hydropower __Major agricultural products__- coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides __Soil type__- Erosion…. ? __Literacy rate__- (Definition- Age fifteen and older can read and write) Total Population- 35.3% Male- 49.3% Female- 22.5% __Climate__- average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January. Average temperature varies with altitude.

__Analysis__ 1. In Burundi there is a case of Malaria epidemic, along with a poor harvest, which is causing people to have hunger problems. 2. To help with the hunger the WFP giving food. They gave 18,000 people regular food assistance, along with a 15-day emergency food supply. 3. The United Nations World Food Programme is helping Burundi. Provides food to people (about 90 million people a year). About 58 million of whom are children. It works to help people who are unable to produce food or obtain food for themselves.

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