Being+a+scientist

toc =Important scientists= Robert Koch Anton von Leeuwenhoek Louis Pasteur Alexander Fleming Watson and Crick Gregor Mendel Charles Darwin Edward Jenner Hershey-Chase Robert Hooke Isaac Newton Albert Einstein Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei Edwin Hubble Marie Curie Wilhelm Roentgen Jonas Salk Rudolf Virchow Thomas Hunt Morgan

Answer the following:
 * 1) What were the contributions of these scientists?
 * 2) What experiment did they perform (briefly outline)?
 * 3) Did they experiment because of an accidental discovery (accidentally stumbled upon something and then experimented further) or did they discover something accidentally through work on something else?
 * 4) Did their contribution lead to a theory or a law? State name of the theory or law.


 * Homework:** What similarities existed among all of these scientists work? Think carefully about this: Can a theory eventually become a law? Write a paragraph and back up your statement with reasoning.

=Thumb wars= Problem: What physical characteristics are required for a winning thumb wrestler?


 * 1) What characteristics of a thumb could possibly predict the outcome of thumb wrestling?
 * 2) As a class we will collect physical data of the characteristics and each team will create a hypothesis.
 * 3) What rules or procedures must we follow?
 * 4) Only experiment with one variable at a time.
 * 5) Create a data table with name, age, male or female, the three measurements (thumb circumference, thumb length, wrist circumference), and whether you won or lost.
 * 6) Challenge 10 people in your class and 10 more outside of the class. Be sure to include adults.

Lab write-up: Title Introduction (include the variables) Hypothesis: Create a hypothesis for each of the variables. Data table Analysis. Answer the following questions for each of the hypotheses: Conclusion:
 * 1) Restate your hypothesis.
 * 2) What was the independent variable in your hypothesis?
 * 3) What was the dependent variable in your hypothesis?
 * 4) What was the average measurement of the variable from the data that you collected?
 * 5) Was your hypothesis correct? If yes, how do you know? If no, how can you change your hypothesis for next time?
 * 1) Are their certain characteristics that make for better thumb fighters?
 * 2) Would thumb wars be considered a controlled activity?


 * Homework**: Write paragraphs about how the thumb wars activity follows the scientific method. Be sure to discuss all the points and steps of the scientific method using the appropriate terminology. Discuss what you believe to be the most important step in the scientific method and explain your reasoning. Discuss one thing that you learned that you didn't know before doing this assignment.

=**Specialized branches of biology**=

Use [|Blabberize] to present information on the Biology field researched. Use a picture of a scientist in that field or an animal that would be studied by that field. Your voice recording must include information about that field of study including what is studied, the purpose of that field of study, important information that has come from that field of study (importance to our lives, the world, etc.)

Note: You can use a cell phone to create your blabberize but it will cost you money. I suggest you use your laptop. This can also be done at home as long as you have a microphone of some type. You will have class time here and there to research and record your blabberize. For homework, you will write up a script. Be sure to include the above information. You will then be given a week to add the image and voice to your blabberize assignment. The assignment will be embedded in the wiki.
 * 1) ecology
 * 2) genetics
 * 3) zoology
 * 4) cytology
 * 5) botany
 * 6) anatomy
 * 7) physiology
 * 8) biochemistry
 * 9) evolution
 * 10) taxonomy
 * 11) ichthyology
 * 12) ornithology
 * 13) mycology
 * 14) herpetology
 * 15) entomology
 * 16) microbiology
 * 17) histology
 * 18) marine biology
 * 19) biophysics
 * 20) paleontology
 * 21) carcinology
 * 22) malacology
 * 23) medicine
 * 24) immunology
 * 25) mammology

Example: media type="custom" key="4340687"

How to embed your blabberize. When you are done recording, you will see this screen: Click on Share It! You will see the following: Copy the whole code in the blue box. Paste it into the wiki by clicking **edit,** then the little TV icon (**widget**). Click on **"other html"** to past it into the box. click Save. =Tools of the Biologist=

Vocab
Differentiate between the compound microscope, dissecting microscope, phase contrast microscope, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. Also identify what a microtome and chromatography is used for in science.

**Chromatography of a well know substance**
Purpose: To see the separation of colors and the various pigments that exist in a given candy.

Procedure:
 * 1) Cut a 5cm x 7cm square from a coffee filter.
 * 2) Draw a line 1/2" from the edge of the outside of the paper.
 * 3) Make 5 pencil dots on the line you drew. Make dots 1/4" apart from one another. Underneath each pencil dot, label the color the dot will represent using pencil.
 * 4) Place a drop of water in the well of the spot plate. Add a different color candy to each well. Once the candy colors the water, dip a toothpick into the color and make a dot on the correct pencil point corresponding to that color. Repeat with all colors. do this same step over again for a total of three times.
 * 5) Fill a beaker with 1/4" of salt solution. Place your paper into the beaker and make sure the colored dots are above the level of the salt water.
 * 6) Allow it to sit undisturbed until the salt water rises up the paper until it is 1/4" from the top.
 * 7) Remove from the beaker and make a mark where the salt water ended. Let it dry.
 * 8) Take a picture of the paper and measure the distance that each of the colors moved.
 * 9) Calculate the Rf of each color. Take the distance the color moved divided by the distance the solvent moved.
 * 10) Create a table with the color of the candy, the colors that appear after the experiment, and the Rf values for each.

1. Which color traveled the highest? What is the Rf value? 2. Which color traveled the least? What is the Rf value? 3. What is capillary action and how does it relate to this activity? 4. Why did some colors travel higher than others? Be specific in your explanation. 5. Describe two ways that chromatography of any kind is used in biology, biotechnology, or science fields.
 * Homework:**

Chromatography of leaf pigments
To understand the process of chromatography visit the following link :[]
 * Complete exercise 4-1 to learn proper technique to complete a chromatography lab.

Using the information that you learned in the lab bench, you and your partner will compare the pigments from your result with that of two different plants (find two other groups to compare with.) Use the results to describe the methods you used and the results you obtained. Discuss what is similar between the chromatograms of all three and what is different. Be sure to answer the following: why were the chromatograms different for each? Include a picture of your chromatography strip with title and caption. Also, include a mathematical analysis of the data (determine the Rf of each pigment.) A variety of plant leaves will be available in lab to chose from.

Procedure: Chromatography 1. Leaf Grinding: a. Rip your leaf into small pieces ( HINT: The smaller, the better .) b. Add several grains of sand. c. Add a dropper full of acetone. d. Start grinding. ( HINT: If the mixture becomes too dry, you may need to add more acetone .) e. There should be concentrated liquid pigment in the mortar to add to the filter paper. 2. Preparation of Filter Paper a. Prepare a piece of filter paper 12 cm X 2 cm. Measure 2 cm from the end and draw a line across the paper. You will apply several drops of pigment to the center of the line. ( HINT: Apply small drops, wait for the drop to dry, then apply another drop. Repeat this procedure several times, then dry completely. ) b. Taper the 2 cm end that has the pigment to a point. c. Practice placing the filter paper strip into the glass vial. NOTE: Several cm of paper need to extend out the top of the vial to hold the paper in place when the lid is attached. 3. Chromatography a. Add 1 - 1 1/2 cm of ethyl alcohol to the glass vial. b. Carefully lower the filter paper strip into the glass vial until the tip of the paper enters the ethyl alcohol. The pigment SHOULD NOT be placed in the alcohol. c. Attach the lid making sure the excess paper is outside the vial. Filter paper should be in a fixed position. d. Allow the alcohol to rise up the paper. After the alcohol stops rising up the paper, remove the paper strip and allow to dry on a paper towel. 4. Rf Factor a. Draw a second line across your paper were the alcohol reached its highest point. b. Review directions for determining Rf factor. Leaf pigment results from 5th pd Leaf pigment results from 7th pd

1. Which moved further: the ethanol (solvent) or the pigments in the leaf? 2. How many bands of color were present in your leaf? 3. After the leaves turn in the fall, if you did this again, how would your chromatogram look different? Why? 4. Why all of a sudden do leaves turn colors in the fall? What color would your leaf turn?
 * Homework:**

=Data analysis= Data can prove or disprove a hypothesis. The analysis of data determine many aspects of your life.

As a team, go to http://www.swivel.com/ and choose a set of data to analyze. It does not need to be in the area of science. However, a good data set is necessary to be able to answer the questions. If you are unable to answer the questions, choose another data set.

Create an abstract paragraph that provides the following:
 * 1) Introductory description of the problem (the reason that the data may have been collected in the first place).
 * 2) A link to the data itself. Include a picture of the data.
 * 3) 2 or more possible conclusions that you can draw from analyzing the data. Be sure the numbers or data lead to this conclusion.
 * 4) What led you to believe these were possible conclusions? Discuss a part of the data that led you to this or supports this.
 * 5) What further questions do you now have? There may be a "hole" in the data or another factor you think should be considered that would logically provide an answer to explain the data. There may also be a question that you have that would be good to study as well from here.

Your abstract should be placed on your team page. Be sure the heading for this section is called Data analysis (be sure to use heading 1 as your font size). You will complete an evaluation of your team as part of your work.

Rubric:
 * Criteria || 5 || 3 || 0 ||
 * Description || Description of the reasoning for data collection is plausible. || Description of the reasoning for data collection given but not probable. || No description of reasoning given. ||
 * Link to data || Data link given. Picture or graphic given. || Data link given. || No link to data. ||
 * Conclusions || All conclusions possible and derived from the data. || One or more conclusions not possible or not derived from data. || Conclusions incomplete or not related completely to data. ||
 * Reasoning || All conclusions are given with exceptional reasoning and explanations. || One or more conclusions given without good reasoning. || Conclusions given without or with incomplete reasoning. ||
 * Questions || New questioning resulting from the data are given that can lead to a search for information or further research. || One or more questions given that do not completely come from data or do not lead to further exploration. || Questions not given. All do not lead to further exploration. ||

=Vocabulary= scientific method, hypothesis, law, theory, deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, science, technology, biotechnology, engineering, manufacturing technology, model, patterns, scale, chromatography, solvent, solute, solution