Marvin+the+III

toc = = =Glossary=

Task #1
dorsal- the upper part of the body ventral- the underside/ stomach anterior- the front end posterior- the back end pectoral- the chest pelvic- pelvis head- the skull / cranial trunk- the main part of the body thorax- between the head and the abdomen of the body Abdomen-between the thorax and pelvis. Medial-the line that separates it in half. Caudal-tai Cranial-head Umbilical Cord-connects fetus to the placenta Mammary Papillae-nipple Proximal-situated nearest to point of attachment Distal-situated farthest from point of attachment Lateral-lying away from medial Left-your right Right-your left

Task #2
pinnae- the external ears eye- spread the upper and lower eyelids nictitating membrane- located in the inner corner of the eye; a third lid-like structure eyelids- covers and protects the eye urogenital opening- located at the base of the urogenital papillae; opening for the both urinary waste and the genital system urogenital papillae- identified on the female; protective ventral to the anus anus- the terminal opening of the digestive tract scrotal sacs- a sac like swelling containing the testes artery- blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the body vein- carries blood from the capillaries to the heart ankle- connects the knee to the foot and toes knee- first bending point of the leg wrist- connects the shoulder to the rest of the arm elbow- first main bending point of the arm toe- hoof like; split into two and helps with balance

Task #3
Glossary 3 epiglottis- flap of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucus membrane attached to the root of the tongue. glottis-the true vocal folds and the space between them where the voice tone is generated gullet-the passage between the pharynx and the stomach nasopharnyx-the area of the upper throat that lies behind the nose. soft palate-a muscular flap that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing or speaking hard palate-the bony part of the roof of the mouth nare-the opening into the nasal cavity. tongue-the flexible muscular organ in the mouth that is used to move food around taste buds-groups of cells located on the tongue that enable one to recognize different tastes vestibule- It is the space between the cheek/lips and the teeth uvula-a small pendant fleshy lobe at the back of the soft palate/closes the nasopharnyx when swallowing.(dangly thing)

Task #4
Joint- the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton Extensor- a skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part Flexor- a skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint Origin- The anatomical origin is a concept used when describing muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and blood and lymph vessels. Insertion- the point at which a muscle attaches to the skin, a bone, or another muscle Belly- the region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis Tendon- a cord or band of inelastic tissue connecting a muscle with its bony attachment Fascia- a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue separating or binding together muscles and organs Antagonistic Pairs- opposes or reverses the action of its partner Adductor- a muscle that draws a body part toward the median line Abductor- a muscle that draws a body part away from the median line

Task #12
Kidney-bean shaped; they filter wastes from blood. Urinary Bladder-A sac to hold urine. Ureter-A tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder Urethra-A tube that connects the bladder to the outside of the body. Allowing you to go to the bathroom. Ovary-Produces eggs. Oviduct-(fallopian tube); conducts the egg from the ovary to the uterus. Uterus-where the baby is developed. Uterine Horn-point where the uterus and the uterine tubes meet. Cervix-neck like part of the uterus; where the baby comes out. Birth Canal-the passageway through which babies are born. Testis-a part of the male. where sperm is produced. Vas Deferens-a duct that carries the sperm to the ejaculatory duct Epididymis-carries sperm to the vas deferens Seminal vesicles-glands that secrete substances to nourish the sperm. Prostrate-it produces a fluid that forms a part of semen. Scrotum-external pouch that contains the testes. Cortex-outer most layer of an organ. Medulla-inner part of an organ. = = =External= Lateral view

Ventral view

Marvin's face

female marvin

male pig picture by: Tyler Milliron and James Freno Umbilical cord

Legs

7.) The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus. The umbilical arteries supplies deoxygenated blood for the fetus. 8.) Both sexes of pigs have mammary papillae because the female uses them to give milk to their young; the males have them mainly just for show, they do not have a use on the male pig 9.) There are 12 mammary papillae. 10.) The limbs of a pig and human limbs are the same. We have the same joints and structures in our limbs. The difference between them is that they are designed to walk on all four limbs, but we are designed to walk on two and use the other two to grab things.

=Mouth Anatomy= the glottis is underneath the epiglottis. picture from: Tori Brooks and Kelcey Young

3.) The glottis, gullet, and epiglottis are located very close to each other. The glottis leads into the larynx, part of the respiratory system. The epiglottis is the flap that covers the opening, the gullet. 4.) The tongue is a mass of muscle that is covered in mucous membrane. It moves around food to help you eat. The tongue has taste buds. The taste buds help you taste the flavor of the food you eat. 6.) They are already growing while in the womb.

=Skinning the Pig=
 * Structure || Function || Description ||  ||
 * < Parotid ||< makes saliva and makes enzymes ||< circular bump ||<  ||
 * Submaxillary || makes saliva and breaks down starches. || located beneath the floor of the mouth. ||  ||
 * Whartons Duct || a tube that takes the salvia to the mouth. || is about 5cm. long, and tube-like ||  ||



2.) The skin of the pig is about 1/16 of an inch. 3.) The skin is connected to the pig by the hypodermis. 4.) The function of the pig's skin is to protect the pig. It is also used to absorb oxygen and it is water resistant so nutrients to do not wash out of the body

=Muscles= muscles of the front leg
 * Muscle Type || Description || Function || Example ||
 * Cardiac || striated appearance and contraction || propels blood from the atria and ventricles to the blood vessels of the circulatory system. || myocardium ||  ||
 * Smooth || are shaped spiral or corkswrew || regulates blood flow through the arteries and the air flow through the lungs || stomach ||
 * Striated || are attached to the bone || makes you able to move || biceps branchii ||

muscles of the back leg head muscle



the proximal portion of the radius and ulna. || upon the digits or the metacarpal bones || They extend. || and ischium. || by an aponeruosis along the tibia. || retracts the knee, flexes the shnak, and abducts the thigh. || medial head, upon the distal end of the femur || heels bone, calcaneous, by way of, long, tough Achilles tendon. || extensor of the ankle || by way of the Achilles tendon || extend the ankle, or to flex the knee || and the calcaneous. || innervates many of the hip and leg muscles ||
 * Muscle || Origin || Insertion || Function ||
 * Extensor Carpi Radialis || the distal portion of the humerus and
 * Biceps Femoris || from the posterior portions of the sacrum
 * Gluteus Maximus || last sacral and first caudal vertebrae || into the fascia lata. || abductor of the thigh. ||
 * Gluteus Medius || lumbodorsal and gluteal fascia || greater trochanter of the femur. || extend the hip and abduct the hind limb. ||
 * Gastrocnemius || two seperae heads, lateral head and
 * Soleus || upon the fibula || gastrocnemius upon the calcaneous
 * Semitendinosus || anterior caudal vertebrae and ilium || proximal end of tibia, the fascia of the leg,
 * Semimembranosus || iscial tuberosis || inserts upon the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia || extends the hip and adducts the hind leg ||
 * Tensor Fascie Latae || tenses the fascie latae || near the knee over the tibia || flexes the hip and extends the knee ||
 * Tibialis Anterior || proximal end of the tibia and fibula || second metatarsal || most ventral muscle of the shank ||
 * Peroneus Longus, Brevis, and Tertius || Tibia and the distal end of the femur || metatarsal and tarsal bones || flex the ankle ||
 * Triceps Brachii Medial Head || Proximal portion of the numerus || upon the olecranon process of the ulna. || extend the forelimb at the elbow ||

=Digestive System=



5.) The pig liver is divided in to five parts. The the right lateral, right central, left central, left lateral, and a small caudate lobe. 6.) The gallbladder and spleen are considered two crucial subsidiary organs of the liver. 7.) Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum are the three parts of the small intestine. The Duodenum is the first part of the small intestine. It is the principal site for iron absorption. It's where the most chemical absorption is.The Jejunum is the second part of the small intestine. It passes along nutrients. Ileum is the third part of the small intestine. It absorbs whatever nutrients that the Jejunum did not get. 8.) The pigs colon is long and very winding.

of the abdomen || stores blood, filters the blood,and produces lymphocytes || left side || moves food toward the stomach ||
 * Structure || Description || Functions ||
 * liver || dark brown organ that dominates the upper abdomen || filters toxins from the blood ||
 * gall bladder || small sac like organ || stores bile and concentrate ||
 * duodenum || c-shaped || goes from the stomach to the jejunum ||
 * pancreas || irregular shaped gland located behind the stomach || separates pancreatic juices ||
 * spleen || dark-colored organ that can be seen in the left side of the left side
 * esophagus || lies dorsal to the trachea and extends through the thorax along the
 * thyroid gland || dark oval-shaped gland || is richly supplied with blood vessels ||
 * rectum || lower part of the lower intestine || feces are stored before they exit the body ||
 * mesentery || a fold of skin || connects the intestines to the wall of the pig ||
 * anus || opening of the end of the digestive system || where wastes comes out of the pig ||


 * Structure || Description || Function ||
 * mucosa || tissue of the pig that is soft || covers and lines the lips, nostrils,and the ears ||
 * villi || fingers like projections || increase intestnial absorptive surface ||
 * lumen || thin tissue that covers the inside of the tubular structure || keeps the pathways smooth ||
 * rugae || ridge from the fold in the organs || allows them to expand and contract ||
 * meconium || sticky like tar || gets rid of the amniotic fluid in the pig digest ||

=Respiratory System=





4.) The lungs have two lobes on the left and three on right. The names of the lobes are inferior, superior, and the middle and the middle is only on the right. 5.) In the inside of the larynx of our pig we saw two vocal cords, in some of the other groups they saw two also.
 * Structure || Description || Function ||
 * Trachea || Membranous tube with cartilaginous rings. || Conveys inhaled air from the larnyx to the bronchi. ||
 * Larynx || cartilaginous structure at the top of the trachea. || produces sound ||
 * Epiglottis || flap of cartilage || covers the glottis when swallowing so air liquids and food don't get through. ||
 * alveoli || a tiny sac in the lungs || where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged ||
 * vocal chord || two pairs of mucous membrane located in the larnyx || they vibrate as air passes which allows you to talk. ||

=Circulatory System=





6.) The ventricle that has the greatest muscle mass is the left ventricle muscle because it has to pump blood at a higher pressure. 7.) The pulmonary artery is connected to the lower chamber. 8.) The aorta is connected to the left ventricle. 9.) The aorta is the largest is the largest artery in the body that can contains blood under the greatest pressure. 10.) An artery carries the oxygented blood away from the heart and a vein carries de-oxygented blood.


 * Vessel || Target Area ||
 * Hepatic || (artery) liver ||
 * Mesenteric || (vein) small intestine ||
 * Umbilical || (artery) carries blood deoxygenated blood to the mother from the fetal pig. ||
 * Iliac || (artery) pelvis area ||
 * Genital || (artery) glands ||
 * Renal || (artery) kidneys ||
 * Femoral || (artery) hind leg ||

=Urogenital System=



Brendon Knarr, Lana Malia

6.) Reproductive and excretory systems are studied together because many of the same parts are used in the reproduction and excretion. 7.) The main purpose of the excretory system is to control the fluid balance of the inside of the body. 8.) The main purpose of the reproductive system is to reproduce young to have their species survive longer. 9.) The path of liquid waste through the body of the pig to the external environment goes from the stomach to the kidneys. From the kidneys is goes through the ureters, then to the urethra, and then out of the pig body. 10.) The path of the eggs through the female reproductive system starts when the eggs are stored in the ovaries. From there they go through the fallopian tubes, down through the uterus and cervix and then out of the vagina. 11.)The path of sperm through the male reproductive system starts at the eppididymus to the vas deferens. It then comes down behind the bladder through the ampulla of the vas deferens. The sperm then goes through the ejaculatory duct. It then goes through the prostate to join the urethra. Lastly it goes through the corpus spongiosum and out the penis. 12.) 1 and 4 belong to both female and male pigs. 13.) 2 belongs to the female reproductive system. 3 belongs to the male reproductive system. 14.) The adrenal glands sit on top of the kidneys. They release hormones. The adrenal glands are star shaped.\