Rebecca+A

toc =[|My Blog]=

=About Me=
 * I have a lot of pets that include my dogs (Shiloh, Frederick, Alice, Brandy, and Dakota), my goats (Gracie and Baby), my horses (Kitty, Patrick, and Diamond), and my cat (Scat Cat).
 * I love the shows //The Mentalist//, //Being Human, That 70's Show.//
 * A couple of my favorite hobbies are photography, reading, fishing and swimming.
 * I have one brother and two sisters.
 * I love animals and taking pictures of them.

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=Scots Pine= //**Pinus sylvestris**// 1. Name: Scots Pine 2. Scientific Name: Pinus sylvestris 3. Organism that infects tree: Endophytic Fungi and Pathogenic fungus 4. Provides habitat or food for... (don't guess, research): Birds, small mammals and insects. 5. Justify classification of tree to related trees - create classification scheme as a class, identify related species 6. Commercial use of tree: Pulp and sawn timber products. 7. Twig characteristics: Fairly stout, brittle, dark yellowish-gray, smooth 8. Where tree is found in the world (native to pa?): Native to Europe. 9. Draw or find a picture of a drawing of the leaf to show to the class.

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=Eastern Hemlock= 1. Name: Eastern Hemlock //2. Scientific Name: Tsuga canadensis// 3. Organism that infects tree: Hemlock Wooly Adelgid 4. Provides habitat or food for... (don't guess, research): Birds such as the American Goldfinch. 5. Justify classification of tree to related trees - create classification scheme as a class, identify related species 6. Commercial use of tree: Tannin for Leather industries 7. Twig characteristics: Slender, tough, yellowish brown to grayish brown 8. Where tree is found in the world (native to pa?) This is Pennsylvania's state tree. 9. Draw or find a picture of a drawing of the leaf to show to the class.

=Sis-rana Siciurus=



**The Sus-rana Siciurus** In the morning, the Sus-rana Siciurus (a.k.a. Frogletel) climbed out of its hidden nest in the hollow oak tree. Frogletel goes to have a breakfast (to feed its three chamber stomach) of flies and leaves. The Frogletel sees its prey with its red eyes and smells them with its pig snout. Its squirrel like hair makes it easier to glide and snatch the insects out of the air. Then when it eats its fill it scurries back too its nest in the hollow oak tree and falls fast asleep.

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=Catalase Activity=

Banana, Liver, Onion, and Potatoes


I focused on the catalus results for Liver, Potatoes, Onions, and Bananas. What surprised me was that banana spiked so high. I wouldn't have expected that. Another high spike was liver. this reacted well with warm and room temperature hydrogen, which was another surprise. The final results for this experiment was that the products with the warm hydrogen ended up all having at least 2 or higher of a reaction. The potato didn't really have a big reaction to any of the types of hydrogen. I learned that the liver had the most reaction out of these four different products. The onion and potato both had a 2 reaction while using the warm hydrogen.

Question:
What would life be without enzymes?

Research:
Enzymes are in everything. They impact every aspect of our lives. Without enzymes there would be no life at all.

Sources:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_would_life_be_without_enzymes http://www.carefreeenzymes.com/id3.html =Biomolecule Activity for Liver=









In liver there are fat, protein and starch. Certain ones do have the same biomolecule reactions if they have the same or around the same level of fat, protein, simple, or starch content. Some foods have higher biomolecule levels than others.

=Biomolecule Webquest=

A) Heat affects the rate of reaction by making the reactant 1 go faster. It separates the red more and slows it down. It makes the red balls faster and adds more to the reaction.
 * 1) Explain how heat affects the rate of reaction.
 * 1) Explain how surface area affects the rate of reaction.
 * 1) Explain how concentration affects the rate of reaction.

B) · What types of molecules make up enzymes? Proteins  · What determines the function of an enzyme? The shape of the enzyme  · What is denaturing? The process where high temperatures or extreme pH values may affect the shape of an enzyme molecule  · Describe how a reaction takes place without an enzyme and then with an enzyme. 2 molecules bounce off of each other until they reach the right angle to connect; The enzyme attracts the molecules and bonds them too form a bigger molecule.  · Explain how you think an enzyme might speed up a reaction. They attract the molecules to make it faster to bond them.  · Explain why you think enzymes are so particular about reactions. Only one can help because all of them have different shapes so only certain ones can help.  · How is the shape of an enzyme important? The shape determines which ones goes in.  · Explain how you know an enzyme is reusable. The molecules form a chain using the same enzyme · How does heating an enzyme affect its function? The heat changes to shape forming two different shapes that can’t be reversed. · Does heating an enzyme always have the same effect They can’t change back.

C) Hydrolysis – breaks down large molecules which weakens the bond between two parts of a polymer, which allows for the insertion of a water molecule into the bond. Condensation – used for building large molecules An enzyme catalyzes reactions between alcohol groups on adjacent monomer units. This results in the production of a polymer and a molecule of water.  Protein and carbohydrates went under dehydration. Polysaccharide’s go under hydrolysis.
 * 1) Explain the difference between hydrolysis and condensation (dehydration).
 * 1) Which molecules from our labs undergo these reactions?

D) Amino acids Condensation reaction A glycine, leucine, and lysine go into a ribosome and after the condensation reactions. Then they form a protein. E) 1. Describe step by step how your body breaks down carbohydrates. Make sure to specify the function of each organ during the steps. Enzymes in the mouth and small intestine help to break down carbohydrates to make glucose. Acidic gastric juices are secreted in the stomach. Digestion begins. In the stomach, carbohydrate digestion continues until the environment becomes too acidic. Carbohydrates are broken down to glucose in the small intestine and then absorbed into the bloodstream. The pancreas detects an increase in glucose levels in the bloodstream and pumps insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin unlocks the glucose channels. The glucose is then used and burned up for energy in the body cells.
 * 1) What are proteins made of?
 * 1) What chemical process creates the proteins?
 * 1) Describe how proteins are made in detail. Sketch a picture.

F) 1. How is fat digested? How is this different from carbohydrates? Be sure to discuss the organs, substances, and enzyme responsible.

Bile is put on the fat by the gallbladder. This separates the water and the fat, which makes it keep from sticking together. Emulsification then takes place.

G) How do heart attacks occur? The blood flow to a section of the heart muscle becomes blocked. If the flow of the blood isn’t restored quickly, the section of heart muscle becomes damaged from lack of oxygen and begins to die.

H) Describe in your own words using any of the images from the above link and draw a picture that describes proteins (do not copy and paste from images): =Light Intensity Lab=
 * 1) Primary structure is a sequence of a chain of amino acids.
 * 2) Secondary structure occurs when the sequence of amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds.
 * 3) Tertiary structure occurs when certain attractions are present between alpha helices and pleated sheets.
 * 4) Quarternary structure is a protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain.

The greater the light intensity the greater the ATP and the smaller the wave length gets the best reactions. So little bright wavelengths have the greatest ATP’s.

Light Intensity – The quantity of light that affects how the plant grows. For plants that grow in full sun there are often several layers of food making cells, which causes the plant to grow faster.

Wavelength and energy – the color of light depends on the size of the wavelength Pigment colors - Depends on the color of the light

The light intensity and wavelength are important because the two change the ATP.

In this activity, I have learned that the plant needs the light to survive because the light causes the ATP to change level. I also learned to make different colors you need different wavelengths to hit your eye. It also needs light to see the color. Also the better the light intensity the plant will be healthier. That is what I learned in this activity.

=Photosynthesis Web Quest=

1. What is photosynthesis?
 * Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into ATP, the "fuel" used by all living things.**

2. What types of organisms carry out photosynthesis? List 3 groups.
 * All photoautotrophs (plants, bacteria, protist, and algae)**

3. What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? What is the translation for the chemical equation?
 * 6H2O + 6CO2 --> C6H12O6+ 6O2;** **six molecules of water plus six molecules of carbon dioxide produce one molecule of sugar plus six molecules of oxygen**

4. Look at your equation in number 3 and answer the following questions: a. What are the raw materials or reactants needed to carry out photosynthesis?
 * The raw materials are carbon dioxide and water.**

b. What are the products of photosynthesis?
 * The products of photosynthesis are oxygen and glucose.**

c. What energy source is needed in the reaction?
 * The energy needed would be light.**

5. Consider a plant as the photosynthetic organism. a. In what part of the plant does photosynthesis occur?
 * Photosynthesis occurs in the plant’s leaves.**

b. What specific cells are involved?
 * Mesophyll cells are specific cells that are involved.**

c. What specific organelle is involved?
 * Chloroplasts are organelles that are involved.**

6. How does the plant get the raw materials needed for photosynthesis to the plant part where photosynthesis occurs?
 * The water comes through xylem cells and carbon dioxide comes through the leaf through the stoma present on the leaf.**

7. What is a stoma and of what value is the stoma to the plant in its efforts to carry out photosynthesis?
 * A stoma is a minute epidermal pore in a leaf or stem through which gases and water vapor can pass. It lets in the two raw materials, water and carbon dioxide.**

8. Explore the organelle that is responsible for the process of photosynthesis. What are found inside the organelle and how do these parts aid in the process of photosynthesis?
 * Inside the organelle are thylakoids. Thylakoids aid in the process because that is where light reactions take place.**

9. What is the first part of photosynthesis called and where does it occur?
 * The first part of photosynthesis is called the light stage. This occurs in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.**

10. What exactly happens in the first part of photosynthesis?
 * The plants energy is converted into NADPH and ATP. This energy is produced when sun molecules break down water molecules. Then in the Calvin Cycle, NADPH goes and conducts carbon fixation.**

11. What is the second part of photosynthesis called and where does it happen?
 * The second part is called the Calvin Cycle and it occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.**

12. What happens in the second part of photosynthesis?
 * In the second part, water and O2 are produced.**

13. Are the two parts of photosynthesis connected? If so, explain the connection.
 * The connection is that the second part uses the light gathered by the first part.**

14. Does the chemical equation that you listed in number 3 tell the entire story of the process of photosynthesis? Why or why not?
 * In number three, it doesn’t really say that light is being used.**

=Yeast Activity=

**Yeast Analysis**
1. State 2 clear, concise conclusions derived from the analysis of the results from the experiments in your class. My first conclusion derived from the analysis of the results from this experiment would be that the more sugar you have the more the yeast rises. My second conclusion would be that yeast is an anaerobic respiration. 2. What was the dependent and independent variables in the experiment? Explain. The dependent variable would be the amount of fermentation. The independent variable would be the different kinds of sugar solution.

3. According to the experimental data, what kind of environment do yeast prefer? How did the sugar concentration change the result? Explain. Yeast prefers their environment to be warm, moist, and with a food supply. The sugar concentration changed the different amounts of food supply.

4. How did the amount of rising change with the different types of sugar solutions used? The more sugar solution it had the more it rose.

5. What kind of respiration did the yeast carry out in the experiment? Explain. The kind of respiration the yeast carried out would be fermentation.

=DNA Replication=





=Neurofibromatosis 1=

1. What causes this condition? (There are two ways to look at this one - In terms of DNA, what causes the irregularity, and also, what can trigger this genetic change?) This is often inherited. This can arise spontaneously through a mutation gene.

2. How is it diagnosed? It is diagnosed by doing a number of test.

3. Who gets this disorder? Discuss percentages, subgroups of people, etc. Is the disorder genetic in nature or is it caused by something environmental?

Anyone

4. What are the symptoms of this disorder? Patches on the skin, freckles in the groin or armpit, nodules within the iris of the eyes, skin neurofibromas, bone defects, and visual disorders.

5.Summarize other information that is important. There is no specific treatment and management includes genetic counseling and early detection of treatable conditions or complications.

6. What level is your disorder? Level 1