Ashley

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=Camryn B and Elana C=

__**"Ashley the Pig"**__
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Glossary 1
dorsal- toward, on, or near the back or top side of an animal or organ ventral- toward, on, or near the stomach or bottom side of an animal or organ anterior- the head end of an animal posterior- the hind end of an animal pectoral- of or relating to the chest or the two large muscles of the chest pelvic- of or relating to the pelvis head- front part of the body trunk- torso thorax- between the head and abdomen abdomen- posterior medial- toward the middle caudal- toward the tail end cranial- toward the head end umbilical cord- cell bundle connecting the fetus to the placenta mammary papillae- nipple proximal- close to the nose distal- farther from the nose lateral- of or relating to the side left- pig's left, not ours right- pig's right, not ours

Glossary 2
pinnae- outer part of the ear eye- the organ for sight nictitating membrane- a protective fold in the eyes of reptiles, birds, and some mammals eyelids- protective layer of skin that opens and closes over the eye urogenital opening- anus urogenital papillae- allows female pigs to urinate anus- allows solid waste to be expelled scrotal sacs- external pouch that contains the testes artery-blood vessel that carries blood from the heart vein- blood vessel that carries blood to the heart ankle- joint where leg and foot meet knee- joint where thigh and shin meet wrist- joint where forearm and palm meet elbow- joint where forearm and upper arm meet toe- digits of the foot

// Research and discuss the function of the umbilical veins and arteries // Veins carry blood from the placenta to the fetus through the umbilical cord, and the arteries carry the blood to the placenta from the fetus. ​ // Do both sexes have mammary papillae? // Yes, both sexes do have mammary papillae. The males will never produce milk. // How many mammary papillae are present in the fetal pig? // 12 //Compare an contrast the fore limb and the hind limb of the pig to the fore limb and hind limb of the human. Include presence of joints and the movement of the limbs in your description.// Both the human and pig fore limbs have elbows and wrists, as well as both hind limbs have knees ankles and toes. A major difference is that the pig elbows and knees bend in the opposite direction of the humans.

Glossary 1
epiglottis- elastic cartilage tissue covered with mucus membrane that guards the entrance to glottis glottis- combination of vocal folds and space between; produces voice gullet- tube leading to stomach, also called esophagus naso-pharynx- connects nasal passages soft palate- soft tissue on roof of mouth that is responsible for closing nasal passages during swallowing hard palate- bony palate of skull located in roof of mouth; interaction between this and tongue is essential for certain speech sounds nare- nostril; warms air during inhalation tongue- muscle on floor of mouth that manipulates food for chewing and helps with speech taste buds- small structures on surface of tongue and soft palate that provide information about the taste of food being eaten vestibule- portion of the cavity of the larynx above the vocal folds uvula- connective tissue containing glands and muscular fibers that play a key role in the forming of sounds

// The glottis, gullet, and epiglottis are located very close to each other. Explain the relationship between the structure and the openings. // The gullet is the opening of the esophagus that goes down to the stomach. The glottis covers the opening to the lungs so food doesn't go in. The epiglottis is on top of the glottis and covers it when the pig swallows.​ // Discuss the tongue and the location of the taste buds. A picture and labels needs to be included. // The tongue is a strong muscle that helps crush food during chewing and is needed for certain speech sounds. The taste buds are located on the top side of the tongue and a little on the soft palate.

// Which jaw[s] have teeth in the pig? When do the teeth start erupting? // The top jaw has the teeth which start erupting in the womb. When pigs are born, they already have some teeth. Mouth Structure/Description/Function Chart

Skinning the Pig Questions
How thick is the pig's skin? About 1 milimeter. What attaches the skin to the body of the pig? Fibrous tissue and the Cutaneous Maximus Describe the function of the pig's skin. Skin provides a flexible, protective shield between the pig and the outside world.



Glossary
joint- connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton that allow motion extensor- skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or straightens a joint flexor- skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint origin- point where muscle attaches to the bone or another muscle insertion- opposite end of the muscle from the origin where that muscle attaches to the structure to be moved by the muscle contraction belly- region of body between thorax and pelvis tendon- band of dense fibrous tissue that forms the termination of a muscle attaching it to the bone fascia- fibrous connective tissue seperating or binding muscles and organs antagonistic pairs- a pair of muscles that make the opposite motion of each other adductor- muscle that draws a body part toward the median line abductor- muscle that draws a body part away from the median line

Adductor Muscle


=Digestive System=

stomach

Digestive System Questions
How many lobes does the liver have? Explain. The liver has four lobes. The left anatomical lobe, the right anatomical lobe, the caudate lobe, and the quadrate. What is the relationship between the liver and the gall bladder? Bile is produced by the liver and the gall bladder stores and releases it for digestion. Sequence the three parts of the small intestine. Differentiate between the function(s) of each section. The Duodenum is the first section of the small intestine where most chemical digestion takes place. The second section is the Jejunum. The lining in this part is specialized in absorbing the carbohydrates and proteins of food. The Ileum is the final section where vitamin B12 and bile salts are absorbed. Our colon looks like an upside down U. Compare to the pig's- What's the difference? The pig's large intestine is balled up, whereas ours is wound around the other organs.

=Respiratory System=

Respiratory System Questions
How many lobes make up each lung? Name the lobes. The right lung has four lobes and the left lung has two lobes. The lobes in the right lung are Apical, Cardiac, Diaphragmatic, and Intermediate. The lobes in the left lung are Apical and Cardiac. How many vocal cords did you see inside the larynx? We saw seven vocal cords in the larynx.



=Circulatory System:=

Circulatory System Questions
Which ventricle has the greatest muscle mass? The left ventricle has more muscle mass because it has to pump blood to the whole body. To what chamber is the pulmonary artery connected to? The pulmonary artery is connected to the right ventricle. To what chamber is the aorta connected to? The aorta is connected to the left ventricle. What is the largest artery in the body and contains blood under the greatest pressure? The largest artery in the body is the aorta. What is the difference between an artery and a vein? Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood to the heart.

Vessel Chart


=Urogenital System=



Why are reproductive and excretory systems studied together? Both functions occur with many of the same components so it just makes it easier. What is the main purpose of the excretory system? To get rid of waste materials that could be harmful to the body if kept. What is the main purpose of the reproductive system? The continuation of the species. Trace the path of liquid waste through the body of the pig to the external environment. Mouth, glottis, stomach, small intestine, kidney, bladder, urethra Trace the path of the eggs through the female reproductive system. Ovary, fallopian tubes, uterine wall if met by sperm, or urethra if not met by sperm. Trace the path of sperm through the male reproductive system. Testes, epidiymis, vas deferens, prostate, sperm duct, urethra. What system do the terms listed in numbers 1 and 4 belong to? The excretory system. What system do the terms listed in numbers 2 and 3 belong to? The reproductive system. The Adrenal Gland is closely associated with the kidney. Describe, state the gland's function and list the system that the gland belongs to. The Adrenal Gland releases hormones to control stress. This gland is part of the Endocrine System.